From chaos to clarity: investigating the role of mindfulness, mental well-being and spiritual awakening in shaping Kumbh Mela revisit intention

Abstract

Purpose – Mental well-being is a vital component of a healthy lifestyle and a positive outlook toward life. For centuries, religiosity and spirituality have played a significant role in supporting mental health. The study explores how the religious festival of “Kumbh Mela” contributes to mental well-being by examining the factors that shape thought transformation and the Kumbh Mela revisit intention (KMRI). Our research is grounded in a contemplative psychology framework to deepen our understanding of these transformative experiences. Design/methodology/approach – We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to extend the contemplative psychology framework within the context of the religious festivals. A survey was conducted with 635 individuals who visited the Maha Kumbh Mela. Mediation analysis also explored direct and indirect relationships within the model. Findings – Our findings suggest that thought transformation is positively influenced by mental well-being, mindfulness and the acquisition of spiritual and religious knowledge, which ignite KMRI. Furthermore, thought transformation, mindfulness and mental well-being mediate the relationships between the underlying constructs. Research limitations/implications – The study’s findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, local communities, NGOs, saint akhadas, pilgrims and visitors. Originality/value – Many pilgrims participate in the Kumbh Mela for spiritual solace and personal transformation. However, there is limited empirical evidence on how this sacred experience influences psychological resilience, emotional healing, knowledge gain and spiritual awakening. This study makes a theoretical contribution by deepening the understanding of the relationships among mental well-being, mindfulness, spiritual and religious knowledge gain and thought transformation in the context of religious festivals. © 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited