Clinico-immunological response to intratumoral versus intravenous neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced pediatric solid malignancies

Abstract

Background: There is minimal literature on the use of intralesional chemotherapy in the pediatric age group. We undertook this present study to evaluate the two modalities (intratumoral and intravenous) of giving chemotherapy in terms of toxicity of chemotherapy, hematological parameters, efficacy of chemotherapy in reduction in volume of the tumor as well as resectability of tumor with special emphasis on immunological parameters. Materials and Methods: Advanced cases of Wilms′ tumor and Neuroblastoma were included in the study. Intratumoral chemotherapy was given through 25 G spinal needle under aseptic precautions and ultrasound guidance in the same dose as in systemic chemotherapy. Intravenous group was given chemotherapy in the usual way. Reassessment was carried out after every course of chemotherapy. Results: Group A included 16 cases of Wilms′ tumor and 6 cases of neuroblastoma. In group B, there were 14 cases of Wilms′ tumor and 8 of neuroblastoma. Vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, and thrombophlebitis were more common in the intravenous group (P<0.05). The fall in Immunoglobulin A, Immunogloblulin G, Immunoglobulin M, and T-cell rosetting was more common in the intravenous group (P<0.05). Seventy percent of patients had completely resectable tumor at the end of 6 doses of intratumoral chemotherapy as compared to 50% resectability in the intravenous group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intratumoral chemotherapy, besides causing less of the adverse effects and increasing the resecability rate, also causes less suppression of the immune system. This may be offered as an alternative safe and effective modality of treatment for advanced solid tumors.