Silent intruders: Hematolymphoid neoplasms revealed in the jaws: a series of three cases

Abstract

The head and neck regions, rich in lymph nodes, are common initial sites for nodal and extranodal hematolymphoid neoplasms, particularly B-cell neoplasms. Lymphomas, including Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s types, range from indolent to aggressive and often affect the oral and maxillofacial areas. Plasma cell neoplasms, such as solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP), must be distinguished from multiple myeloma (MM) due to varied treatment modalities. Diagnosing these neoplasms is challenging, requiring thorough examination. Timely recognition and management of plasma cell tumors in the head and neck, especially SBP, are essential to prevent disease progression. These tumors can mimic other malignancies and indicate early MM, necessitating detailed evaluation. Healthcare providers should be aware of the higher risk of oral NHL in HIV-positive patients and consider NHL in the differential diagnosis of intraoral lesions to improve outcomes. Herein, we present three cases with usual presentations in the oral cavity that resulted in unusual diagnoses. © 2025 Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.