Case studies for a systematic understanding of development of dementia in diabetic or prediabetic patients

Abstract

Dementia, a growing public health concern, is projected to affect 115 million individuals worldwide by 2050. Type 2 diabetes mellitus has the potential risk to impact cognitive health and exacerbate cognitive decline through various mechanisms, including chronic hyperglycemia, vascular complications, and insulin resistance. Research indicates that diabetes contributes to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits, as evidenced by studies linking glycemic control to cognitive function. Additionally, vascular cognitive impairment, resulting from cerebrovascular disease, highlights the relationship between vascular health and dementia risk. With diabetes, there is 3-5 times the likelihood of developing vascular dementia and increasing the risks associated with Alzheimer’s disease; it is crucial to address diabetes management as part of dementia prevention strategies. These findings highlight the significance of focusing on vascular health and metabolic factors to reduce cognitive decline. This article reviews several cases linking diabetes to cognitive impairment, emphasizing the necessity for early intervention and lifestyle changes to improve both mortality and morbidity © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..