Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture: Crop Productivity and Food Security

Abstract

Climate change adversely affects agricultural productivity and food security across the world. Global warming due to increased greenhouse gases, increasing temperatures, has resulted in extremes of weather conditions, changing patterns of rainfall, flooding, heat wave, shortage of irrigation water, drought, salinity, loss of soil fertility, emergence of new pests and diseases, etc., which have adversely affected quantity and quality of food grain production. During the last 80 years, a consistent and substantial decline in the yield of major food and oil crops have been seen due to global warming. Climate change affects nutritional quality of foods, availability of nutrients within a food supply chain, and hence food security remains a great challenge due to climate change. To feed increasing global population strategies need to be adopted for sustainable production of foods. Climate-smart sustainable farming practices and improved technologies are needed to sustainably enhance agricultural productivity and to attain food security. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, M. H. Fulekar and Rama Shanker Dubey; individual chapters, the contributors.