Basic Principles of Pediatric Surgical Oncology: What Radiologist Should Know

Abstract

Radiologists are integral members in the multidisciplinary care of pediatric oncology patients. Their expertise in diagnostic imaging, including X-rays, ultrasounds, MRIs, and CT scans, is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Interpretation and diagnosis of pediatric surgical imaging require a comprehensive understanding of imaging algorithms to navigate between various tumors. The location, size, and characteristics of these abnormalities are crucial in determining the type and extent of the cancer. Surgical planning is predominantly guided by resectability and stage of tumor. Further, imaging plays a crucial role in assessing the treatment response as well as long-term surveillance of tumor. This review explores the treatment guidelines and protocols of common pediatric surgical tumors. A concise algorithms to various pediatric surgical tumors have been provided to give insight into the integrated treatment approach with approximate timelines. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.