Role of microbial enzymes in nano-bioremediation process and its mechanism

Abstract

The urgent need for eco-friendly and cost-effective methods to combat environmental pollution has driven the exploration of innovative approaches in bioremediation. Nano-bioremediation presents a novel and synergistic solution to combat heavy metal contamination, hydrocarbon pollution, and pesticide residues in diverse ecosystems. This chapter explores the emerging field of nano-bioremediation, which combines the catalytic power of microbial enzymes with the unique properties of nanoparticles (NPs) to address a spectrum of environmental contaminants. It discusses the intricate mechanisms involved, including enhanced surface area, targeted delivery, and stability imparted by nanomaterials, which significantly improve the efficiency of enzyme-mediated bioremediation, emphasizing mainly upon enzymatic part. However, this promising approach is not without its challenges. Concerns about the ecological impact of nanoparticles, optimal concentration levels, and scalability of microbial NPs synthesis are addressed. This chapter not only explores the evolving landscape of nano-bioremediation but also emphasizes its potential to align with sustainable and green technologies. By integrating plant extracts, soil microbiomes, and biogenic nanomaterials, nano-bioremediation holds promise as a transformative tool for restoring and preserving the health of our planet's ecosystems. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.