Characterization techniques for mesoporous silicon nanoparticles

Abstract

The characterization of mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (MSNs) is essential for understanding their unique properties and potential applications. It helps us to gain an insight into the morphology, structure, and surface characteristics of these particles, which aids in the development of novel technologies and materials. Characterization additionally enables us to tailor the synthesis and processing of these nanoparticles for particular purposes. MSNs typically have pore size ranges of the order of 2–6 nm and particle sizes in the range of 50–300 nm. The MSNs’ high surface area and pore volumes, which result from their controlled structure and morphology at both the nanometer and micrometer scales, allow for a high cargo-carrying capacity. By employing various types of templates and altering the reaction settings, the pore size of the mesoporous material for such an application can be adjusted. Various techniques have been developed to characterize these nanoparticles, including electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and surface area analysis using nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. Each technique provides different information about the morphology, structure, and surface properties of the nanoparticles. This chapter aims to review the different characterization techniques for mesoporous silicon nanoparticles, highlighting their strengths and limitations. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.