Impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystem

Abstract

Water is the critical ingredient to all life on the earth, and it is without substitutes. With increasing demands and only a limited supply, freshwater is becoming more and more difficult to come by. Climate change can be defined as the change in time variation of weather over a time period. It is caused due to increasing the temperature, evaporation, precipitation, wind, and variation in solar radiation and human activities also identify the cause of climate change. Climate change identifies one of the major global challenges in the 21st century and its effects on the availability of freshwater. There are several effects of climate changes such as the increase in temperature (increase rate of evaporation, forest fire), melting of ice (increase in flood, adverse effect the migration of fishes) and sea-level rise, the decline in freshwater availability. Many studies have shown climatic change and its impact on the availability of freshwater. The freshwater ecosystem is warming, acidifying, and deoxygenating the consequences of climate change. It experiences low oxygen demands, low pH, and thermal stratification of freshwater. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.