Electrochemical Sensing and Biomedical Applications of Green Nanomaterials

Abstract

Nanomaterials are used in a variety of fields, including agriculture, food technology, textiles, waste water treatment, cosmetics, sports goods, purification techniques, and medications, due to their huge surface area-to-volume ratio and size-dependent qualities. These nanomaterials are used in almost every aspect of life, yet there are safety concerns for their synthesis that produces long-term effects on the ecology. Green nanomaterials are an alternative that are made with environmentally friendly procedures and ingredients that produce less waste. In the field of materials science, “green” synthesis has received a lot of attention as a dependable, long-lasting, and environmentally friendly method for the preparation of a variety of nanomaterials, such as metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, and composite materials. As a result, green synthesis is recognized as a significant tool for reducing the detrimental impacts of standard nanomaterials synthesis methods used in laboratories and industries. Further, the synthesized green nanomaterials are suited for a variety of therapeutic applications due to their outstanding biocompatibility. They show antitumor characteristics, anticancerous properties, and toxicity to numerous disease-causing organisms. In this chapter, the approaches behind the fundamental process, mechanism, and various techniques for synthesizing green nanomaterials are discussed. The current research on the biogenesis of green nanomaterial and the characteristics of green nanomaterials generated with plant extracts, bacteria, fungus, and algae are summarized in this chapter. Finally, the potential uses of the green nanomaterials in electrochemical sensing and therapeutic fields are also discussed. The chapter’s assessment of green nanomaterials uses, their synthesis, and potential applications will be beneficial to scholars in this burgeoning discipline. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.