Introduction of Lower Limb Edema

Abstract

Lower limb edema is a multifactorial condition affecting a large number of patients and generating considerable burden on the healthcare system. Patients with lower limb swelling may suffer from functional as well as cosmetic compromises requiring lifelong treatment and psychological support. The pathophysiology of edema is mainly based on disturbances in the microcirculation. For the diagnosis, we have to consider whether the swelling is acute or chronic, localized or generalized, congenital or acquired, symmetric or asymmetric. Asymmetry is usually present in chronic edema which arises from venous or lymphatic disease, whereas symmetric lower limb swelling is generally suggestive of systemic or central causes, such as heart failure and nephrotic syndrome. In systemic disorders, medications of the underlying pathology are central in the management while localized underlying causes such as chronic venous disorder, lymphedema, deep vein thrombosis, cellulitis, and trauma may need intervention and meticulous follow-up from time to time. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.