Human–Environment Interactions: A Multi-Omics and Interactome Perspective

Abstract

To understand the effects of the environment as a whole (envirome), it is important to explore various specific domains to assess how, individually and collectively, these domains affect human health. Natural environment features such as sunlight, altitude, diurnal rhythms, vegetation, and biodiversity affect human health. However, the effects of the natural environment are moderated by the social environment, which comprises built environments, agricultural and industrial activities, pollutants and contaminants, culture, economic activities, and social networks that affect health by influencing access to health care. An understanding of the interactions between different domains of the envirome and their integrated effects on human health using various muti-omics and their integration studies could help in exploring the human–environment interactions. This chapter also discusses the concept of interactome and its role in unrevealing human diseases. This chapter illuminates the basic concepts of human health, focusing on elaborating various multi-omics approaches that are instrumental in elucidating the complex interactions between humans and the environment. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.