Agroforestry modeling for natural resource management

Abstract

Agroforestry (AF) is an integrated system involving tree–crop interaction to improve the agroecosystem's overall health and address food security. Simulation modeling is an approach that aims toward improving the AF output across various countries. AF practices tend to enhance the economic output of the farming system in comparison to the traditional farming system. Further, additional benefits include the regulation of proper biogeochemical cycling through various forms of physiological processes. Simulation modeling across various countries has shown significant promise toward improving the effectiveness of AF practices. Various forms of environmental mega events in terms of climatic perturbations, happenings of climatic extremes, biodiversity loss, and increasing human population pressure promote nature's contribution to mankind. Various models have been used to predict the contribution of the AF. A review of existing models revealed a major focus on biomass production and yield. Further upgradation in the form of the availability of codes, and a model having a more public domain, helps to understand the multiple interactions between the tree–crop system and overall implication both in the structure and process of resource management is required. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.