Biofilm formation in acute and chronic respiratory infections caused by nosocomial gram-negative bacteria

Abstract

Biofilm is a microbial community formed of either a single type of cell or distinctive bacterial colonies, which adhere to the surface in the form of a cluster. Biofilms are microbial communities of nonmotile microbes that colonize and grow on medical implant surfaces such as sutures, catheters, and dental implants. Excessive antibiotic resistance and a strong ability to evade human defenses are key hallmarks of persistent biofilm-based illnesses, rendering the use of antibiotics to treat such infections redundant. These gram-negative bacteria are becoming more and more resistant to antibiotics, which has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic illnesses, which are primarily found in hospitals. This chapter discusses biofilm formation in gram-negative bacteria, its biogenesis, and the role it plays in causing chronic and nosocomial infections concerning chronic respiratory infection. Owing to antibiotic resistance, newer antimicrobial therapies such as antimicrobial peptides, liposomal formulations, etc. are required to address the issue. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.