Exploring Human Brain Disorders Through Multi-Omics Approaches

Abstract

Among all the organs, brain is considered as most complex organ in humans. Brain includes various disorders called as neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, which represent one of the top healthcare problems in developed countries. In recent years, the omics technologies have contributed a lot to the identification of novel biomarkers, such as genes and biological pathways, to understand the mechanisms of various brain disorders. These omics approaches help in identifying the molecular signatures of various brain disorders and their interactions at various levels. In this chapter, we describe the applications of omics, single-cell omics, and spatial transcriptomics in brain research. Various omics technologies individually as well as their integration to elucidate various stages of neurological disorders, disease progression and identification of biomarkers have been highlighted. An extensive overview illustrating the state of the art in omics methodologies for exploring brain diseases in lucid style makes this chapter informative and reader friendly. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.