Salt Stress Toxicity Amelioration by Phytohormones, Synthetic Product, and Nutrient Amendment Practices

Abstract

This chapter discusses the various ameliorating approaches to cope up the loss of crop yield under saline environment. Phytohormones are essential growth regulators and are best known for their prominent impact on metabolism and stimulation of defense responses. The exogenous supplementation of plant growth hormones alleviates the salt toxicity and showing vital role in minimizing the stress by improving several metabolic processes like improving seed metabolism, maintaining the homeostasis redox reaction, and other physiological mechanisms. The exogenous supplementation or endogenous accumulation of proline which is an amino acid and a well-known product enhances behavior of salt-stressed plants. Nutrient management significantly improved the growth, physiological, and biochemical modifications as well as quality characteristics of the salt-stressed plants. Salt toxicity induced alterations in growth and development by inducing the ion toxicity, osmotic stress, essential nutrients deficiency, inhibition of electron transport chain associated with oxidative stress that limits the activation of anti-oxidative machinery, and water uptake from soil. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.