Optimizing Solar Photovoltaic Cells: Improving Green Energy Harvest for Agriculture

Abstract

Replacement of fossil fuel-based energy sources in agriculture becomes necessary because of its restricted supply and impact on the environment. In this aspect, different renewable energy sources have been analyzed for good alternatives. Solar energy has gained more attention among these renewable energy sources. The photovoltaic cells harness this solar energy and convert them into electricity. Global market is mainly dominated by silicon-based photovoltaic cells because of its cheapness and high electricity production efficiency. However, it lacks more spectral regions for capturing photons. Scientists have taken heed on enhancing the silicon cells’ spectral region to increase the photon capture. Three spectral conversion processes, namely, upconversion, downconversion, and downshifting, have been performed in developing revolutionary photovoltaic cells that have geared up the efficiency of silicon-based solar cells. Lanthanides are very promising luminescent elements, used as dopants in these spectral conversion processes. These advanced technologies can provide more electricity for sustainable farm operations while curbing the greenhouse gas emission. Hence, the upgraded solar cells held an outstanding potential to supply power for precision farming. Still, challenges remain to remove the barriers among laboratory results, broad-scale farm application, knowledge of environmental concerns, and economy. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.