Genetics Insights into Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) mainly occurs due to the disorders that cause intrauterine fetal demise or damage, such as fetal, maternal, and paternal chromosomal structural and numerical abnormalities. Approximately, 15–20% of all clinically recognized pregnancies result in the first trimester (before 20 weeks of gestational age) in spontaneous recurrent abortion. Besides all internal factors like Anatomical, immunological, and coagulation factors, genetic factors appear to be most associated with reproductive organ damage and multiple pregnancy loss. Some factors are unexplored as mentioned in the previous research articles, and there is an enormous need to research for establishing the proper etiology and prognosis. This review is all about the various factors responsible for RPL and is mainly focused on the genetic factors involving many unexplored genes associated with recurrent miscarriages. In this review, searched the articles with keywords that were published recently from various journal searches such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) platform. © The Author(s).