Developments in graphene-based sensors in diagnostics and other applications

Abstract

Miniaturization, portability and lab-on-chip devices, like many features of the sensor, are perceived areas of work by researchers. Advanced nanomaterials like graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and their different forms, such as nanosheet, nanorods, nanotubes, nanoflower, nanodots, have the potential to demonstrate high-performance electrochemical sensitivity and selectivity. In theranostic (diagnostics and biomedicine) and disease monitoring, graphene and composite-based sensors have transformed these areas with new techniques and approaches. It will not be an exaggeration to include graphene as a prominent nanomaterial, which changes the view of nano techniques in sensing. The unique physicochemical properties of graphene have made it worthy of use for nanosensor technology. In this review, the authors inspected recent developments in graphene-based sensing performance and progress in its commercial validations. Herein, we also inculcate some basic aspects of sensors such as biosensors, chemisensor, and physical sensors with their recent developments and critical analysis. We also included the progress in biosensors in health monitoring, care management and prepared a consolidated framework. © 2022, Indian Academy of Sciences.