Exploring the Adverse Effects of Arsenic-contaminated Water on Fish Health and Ecosystem: A Comprehensive Study

Abstract

Arsenic (As) is commonly encountered in diverse water sources, such as saltwater, hot springs, wells, rivers, and lakes, with arsenate species prevalent in aquatic settings. Regrettably, anthropogenic activities, such as using arsenic-containing pesticides, industrial practices, and mining operations, have given rise to soluble As concentrations surpassing the acceptable threshold of 0.010 mg/L globally. The recurrent exposure of freshwater species, particularly fish, to low As levels triggers bioaccumulation, especially in the liver and kidneys, leading to hyperglycemia, enzyme activity loss, acute and chronic toxicities, and immune system malfunction. Exposure to elevated As concentrations from water or air pollution can result in short-term or long-term repercussions, including immune system toxicity and cytotoxicity in fish. © 2024 by the authors.