Pharmacogenetic comprised prospect on cytochrome P450 facilitated drug interactions

Abstract

Drug-drug interactions are important concerns in healthcare around the world; especially multiple drugs are used to treat one or more disease. It is now recognized that many drug-drug interactions can be described by alterations in the metabolic enzymes that are present in the liver and other extra-hepatic tissues. Many of the major pharmacokinetic interactions between drugs are due to hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) enzymes being affected by previous administration of other drugs. After co-administration, some drugs act as potent enzyme inducers, whereas others are inhibitors. Inter-Individual variability in CYP450 induction or inhibition comprises an important component contributing to the difficulties in assessing and predicting metabolism-based drug-drug interactions in humans. Pharmacogenomic techniques allow efficient analysis of these risk factors, and genotyping tests have the potential to optimize drug therapy in the future. This review updates the CYP450s mediated metabolic drug interactions and its Pharmacogenetic relevance. It is concluded that apart from the study of inhibitors or inducers of CYP enzymes the Pharmacogenetic knowledge regarding CYP polymorphism also now developed to a stage where it can be implemented in drug development and in clinical routine for specific drug treatments, thereby improving the drug response and reducing costs for drug treatment. Copyright © 2013 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.