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PublicationReview Post-COVID-19 Trends in Indian Dairy Industry: Current Challenges, Recoveries and Future Strategies(Indian Veterinary Assocaition, 2022) Ankur Aggarwal; Tarun Verma; Dinesh Chandra Rai; Rohit SharmaThe COVID-19 outbreak and the subsequent lockdown have had a negative impact on agriculture and other allied activity i.e. food, livestock, dairy etc. The most important and essential aspect of a unsustainable turn of events due to COVID-19 is dairy sector. When it comes to supplying products to clients, dairy suppliers are facing a difficult situation. These disruptions have a sudden impact on the dairy supply chain system and the process can collapse if necessary and immediate actions are not taken. The pandemic and its associated lockdown have not only made it difficult for a large number of poor and marginal dairy farmers but have also had an impact on the livestock feed industry, dairy industry, and related supply value chains of the dairy sector. This review article features different elements of the effects, specifically decreased popularity of various products, wastage of products, supply market chains, work absenteeism due to shortage of labor, and recovery strategy taken by the authorities to recover livestock and dairy sector. This review article provides a comprehensive view of the overall situation, a methodical report gathering critical data across the country and the impact on every sub-area of the dairy sector and associated value supply chains. © 2022 Indian Veterinary Assocaition. All rights reserved.PublicationReview An Insight into COVID-19 and Traditional Herbs: Bangladesh Perspective(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Md. Mominur Rahman; Sheikh Shohag; Md. Rezaul Islam; Shomaya Akhter; Sadia Afsana Mim; Rohit Sharma; Abdur RaufSARS-CoV-2 was first discovered in Wuhan in late 2019 and has since spread over the world, resulting in the present epidemic. Because targeted therapeutics are unavailable, scientists have the opportunity to discover new drugs or vaccines to counter COVID-19, and therefore a number of synthetic bioactive compounds are now being tested in clinical studies. Due to its broad therapeutic spectrum and low adverse effects, medicinal herbs have been used as traditional healing medication in those countries for ages. Due to a lack of synthetic bioactive antiviral medications, pharmaceutical and alternative therapies have been developed using a variety of herbal compositions. Due to the wide-spread availability of herbal and dietary products worldwide, people frequently use them. Notably, the majority of Bangladeshi people continue to use a variety of natural plants and herbs to treat various types of diseases. This review article discusses how previous research has shown that some herbs in Bangladesh have immunomodulatory and antiviral effects and how their active ingredients have been gathered. Even though FDA-approved medications and vaccines are available for the treatment of COVID-19, the purpose is to encourage the use of herbal medicine as immunomodulators and vaccine adjuvants for the treatment of COVID-19 prevention. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.PublicationReview Nanoparticles in clinical trials of COVID-19: An update(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Abdur Rauf; Tareq Abu-Izneid; Anees Ahmed Khalil; Nabia Hafeez; Ahmed Olatunde; Mominur Rahman; Prabhakar Semwal; Yahya Saleh Al-Awthan; Omar Salem Bahattab; Ishaq N. Khan; Muhammad Arslan Khan; Rohit SharmaOnce the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19) outbreak to be pandemic, massive efforts have been launched by researchers around the globe to combat this emerging infectious disease. Strategies that must be investigated such as expanding testing capabilities, developing effective medicines, as well as developing safe and effective vaccines for COVID-19 disease that produce long-lasting immunity to human system. Now-a-days, bio-sensing, medication delivery, imaging, and antimicrobial treatment are just a few of the medical applications for nanoparticles (NPs). Since the early 1990s, nanoparticle drug delivery methods have been employed in clinical trials. Since then, the discipline of nanomedicine has evolved in tandem with expanding technological demands to better medicinal delivery. Newer generations of NPs have emerged in recent decades that are capable of performing additional delivery tasks, allowing for therapy via novel therapeutic modalities. Many of these next generation NPs and associated products have entered clinical trials and have been approved for diverse indications in the present clinical environment. For systemic applications, NPs or nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems have substantial benefits over their non-formulated and free drug counterparts. Nanoparticle systems, for example, are capable of delivering medicines and treating parts of the body that are inaccessible to existing delivery systems. As a result, NPs medication delivery is one of the most studied preclinical and clinical systems. NPs-based vaccines delivering SARS-CoV-2 antigens will play an increasingly important role in prolonging or improving COVID-19 vaccination outcomes. This review provides insights about employing NPs-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of COVID-19 to increase the bioavailability of current drugs, reducing their toxicity, and to increase their efficiency. This article also exhibits their capability and efficacy, and highlighting the future aspects and challenges on nanoparticle products in clinical trials of COVID-19. © 2022 IJS Publishing Group LtdPublicationReview PDE5 inhibitors: Breaking new grounds in the treatment of COVID-19(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023) Ryan Varghese; Gargi Digholkar; Jainam Karsiya; Sahil Salvi; Jeenam Shah; Dileep Kumar; Rohit SharmaDespite the ever-increasing occurrences of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases around the world, very few medications have been validated in the clinical trials to combat COVID-19. Although several vaccines have been developed in the past quarter, the time elapsed between deployment and administration remains a major impediment. Repurposing of pre-approved drugs, such as phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, could be a game-changer while lessening the burden on the current healthcare system. Repurposing and developing phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors could extrapolate their utility to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and potentially aid in the management of the symptoms associated with its newer variants such as BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5, and XBB.1.16. Administration of PDE5 inhibitors via the oral and intravenous route demonstrates other potential off-label benefits, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, by intercepting several pathways. These effects can not only be of clinical importance in mild-to-moderate, but also moderate-to-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. This article explores the various mechanisms by which PDE5 inhibitors alleviates the symptoms associated with COVID-19 as well as well as highlights recent studies and findings. These benefits of PDE5 inhibitors make it a potential drug in the physicians' armamentarium in alleviating symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, adequate clinical studies must be instituted to eliminate any untoward adverse events. © 2023 Roman Suligowski et al., published by Sciendo 2023.PublicationReview Ayush Kwath: A Major Contribution of Ayurveda in Preventing COVID-19 Infection(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Priya Katoch; Kirti Raina; Rohit Sharma; Ashun ChaudharyBackground: Ayush Kwath is an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation (PHF) of dry Tulsi leaves, Cinnamon bark, Sunthi rhizome, and black pepper fruit. Methods: This PHF contain phytochemicals that help in boosting immunity; hence, it is suggested as a preventive measure against the coronavirus. Ayurveda is an ancient Indian medicine system that offers treatment for various diseases with the help of herbal, animal, or mineral-based formulations. Currently, the entire globe is facing the challenge of combating the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 19) is a highly infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) that belongs to a large family of coronaviruses. Results: Most people who are affected by this virus experience mild to moderate symptoms of pneumonia, but older people or those with weakened immune systems, for example, those suffering from cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or chronic respiratory diseases, are more likely to develop serious respiratory illnesses. As there is no registered medicine against COVID-19, strengthening the immune system is an effective way to tackle this disease. Conclusion: Ayush Kwath, a natural immunity booster, has been approved by the Ministry of AYUSH as a prophylactic measure to fight against novel coronavirus infection. © 2024 Bentham Science Publishers.PublicationReview Reviewing methods of deep learning for diagnosing COVID-19, its variants and synergistic medicine combinations(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Qandeel Rafique; Ali Rehman; Muhammad Sher Afghan; Hafiz Muhamad Ahmad; Imran Zafar; Kompal Fayyaz; Quratul Ain; Rehab A. Rayan; Khadija Mohammed Al-Aidarous; Summya Rashid; Gohar Mushtaq; Rohit SharmaThe COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the development of reliable diagnostic methods for accurately detecting the novel coronavirus and its variants. Deep learning (DL) techniques have shown promising potential as screening tools for COVID-19 detection. In this study, we explore the realistic development of DL-driven COVID-19 detection methods and focus on the fully automatic framework using available resources, which can effectively investigate various coronavirus variants through modalities. We conducted an exploration and comparison of several diagnostic techniques that are widely used and globally validated for the detection of COVID-19. Furthermore, we explore review-based studies that provide detailed information on synergistic medicine combinations for the treatment of COVID-19. We recommend DL methods that effectively reduce time, cost, and complexity, providing valuable guidance for utilizing available synergistic combinations in clinical and research settings. This study also highlights the implication of innovative diagnostic technical and instrumental strategies, exploring public datasets, and investigating synergistic medicines using optimised DL rules. By summarizing these findings, we aim to assist future researchers in their endeavours by providing a comprehensive overview of the implication of DL techniques in COVID-19 detection and treatment. Integrating DL methods with various diagnostic approaches holds great promise in improving the accuracy and efficiency of COVID-19 diagnostics, thus contributing to effective control and management of the ongoing pandemic. © 2023 Elsevier LtdPublicationReview Naturally Occurring Bioactives as Antivirals: Emphasis on Coronavirus Infection(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi; Javad Sharifi-Rad; Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou; Gail B. Mahady; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Shivani Krishna Kapuganti; Kundlik Gadhave; Rajanish Giri; Neha Garg; Rohit Sharma; Daniel Ribeiro; Célia F. Rodrigues; Željko Reiner; Yasaman Taheri; Natália Cruz-MartinsThe current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is a significant threat to human health and the worldwide economy. Coronaviruses cause a variety of diseases, such as pneumonia-like upper respiratory tract illnesses, gastroenteritis, encephalitis, multiple organ failure involving lungs and kidneys which might cause death. Since the pandemic started there have been more than 107 million COVID-19 infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and ∼2.4 million deaths globally. SARS-CoV-2 is easily transmitted from person-to-person and has spread quickly across all continents. With the continued increase in morbidity and mortality caused by COVID-19, and the damage to the global economy, there is an urgent need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. The advent of safe and effective vaccines has been a significant step forward in the battle against COVID-19, however treatment of the symptoms associated with the disease still requires new anti-viral and anti-inflammatory drug therapies. To this end, scientists have been investigating available natural products that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2, with some products showing promise in fighting several viral infections. Since many natural products are dietary components or are prepared as dietary supplements people tend to consider them safer than synthetic drugs. For example, Traditional Chinese Medicines have been effectively utilized to treat SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with promising results. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of COVID-19 therapies and the therapeutic potential of medicinal plant extracts and natural compounds for the treatment of several viral infections, with special emphasis on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Realistic strategies that can be employed for the effective use of bioactive compounds for anti-SARS-CoV-2 research are also provided. © Copyright © 2021 Ayatollahi, Sharifi-Rad, Tsouh Fokou, Mahady, Ansar Rasul Suleria, Krishna Kapuganti, Gadhave, Giri, Garg, Sharma, Ribeiro, Rodrigues, Reiner, Taheri and Cruz-Martins.PublicationLetter Global threat from novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, BF.7, XBB.1.5, BQ.1, and BQ.1.1: variants of concern?(Springer, 2023) Ryan Varghese; Dileep Kumar; Rohit Sharma[No abstract available]PublicationReview PDE5 inhibitors: breaking new grounds in the treatment of COVID-19(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023) Ryan Varghese; Gargi Digholkar; Jainam Karsiya; Sahil Salvi; Jeenam Shah; Dileep Kumar; Rohit SharmaIntroduction: Despite the ever-increasing occurrences of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases around the world, very few medications have been validated in the clinical trials to combat COVID-19. Although several vaccines have been developed in the past quarter, the time elapsed between deployment and administration remains a major impediment. Content: Repurposing of pre-approved drugs, such as phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, could be a game-changer while lessening the burden on the current healthcare system. Repurposing and developing phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors could extrapolate their utility to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and potentially aid in the management of the symptoms associated with its newer variants such as BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5, and XBB.1.16. Summary: Administration of PDE5 inhibitors via the oral and intravenous route demonstrates other potential off-label benefits, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, by intercepting several pathways. These effects can not only be of clinical importance in mild-to-moderate, but also moderate-to-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. This article explores the various mechanisms by which PDE5 inhibitors alleviates the symptoms associated with COVID-19 as well as well as highlights recent studies and findings. Outlook: These benefits of PDE5 inhibitors make it a potential drug in the physicians' armamentarium in alleviating symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, adequate clinical studies must be instituted to eliminate any untoward adverse events. © 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.PublicationReview Mucormycosis in the COVID-19 Environment: A Multifaceted Complication(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Rohit Sharma; Praveen Kumar; Abdur Rauf; Ashun Chaudhary; Pradeep Kumar Prajapati; Talha Bin Emran; Clara Mariana Gonçalves Lima; Carlos Adam Conte-JuniorThe second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused severe infections with high mortality. An increase in the cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) was reported predominantly in India. Commonly present in immunocompromised individuals, mucormycosis is often a life-threatening condition. Confounding factors and molecular mechanisms associated with CAM are still not well understood, and there is a need for careful research in this direction. In this review, a brief account of the diagnosis, management, and advancement in drug discovery for mucormycosis has been provided. Here, we summarize major factors that dictate the occurrence of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients through the analysis of published literature and case reports. Major predisposing factors to mucormycosis appear to be uncontrolled diabetes, steroid therapy, and certain cancers. At the molecular level, increased levels of iron in COVID-19 might contribute to mucormycosis. We have also discussed the potential role and regulation of iron metabolism in COVID-19 patients in establishing fungal growth. Other factors including diabetes prevalence and fungal spore burden in India as contributing factors have also been discussed. Copyright © 2022 Sharma, Kumar, Rauf, Chaudhary, Prajapati, Emran, Gonçalves Lima and Conte-Junior.