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Synthesis, crystal structures, and theoretical studies on bio-pertinent disulfides derived from methyl thiosalicylate and furan-2-thiocarboxylic acid and their interaction with native human lysozymes
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Krishna Kumar; Anil Kumar Vishwkarma; Rajesh Pratap; Somenath Garai; Amit Pathak; Rohit Sharma; Subrato Bhattacharya
Aromatic substituted thiol and aromatic 2-furoylthiocarboxylic acid were catalytically oxidized into corresponding disulfides, dimethyl 2,2'-disulfanediyldibenzoate (1) and furan-2-carboxylic dithioperoxyanhydride (3) have been characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis. Methylene insertion (gas phase) into the disulfide linkage was studied in both molecules. We have performed extensive docking studies of the interaction with Native Human Lysozyme and found that 3 exhibits better binding efficiencies with Native Human Lysozyme compared to compound 1. Hirshfeld analyses were made to study the type of weak interactions quantitatively. The thermal and electronic stabilities of these compounds have been studied using Density functional theory calculations. Natural bond orbital analyses have been used to find out hyper-conjugative energies, highest occupied molecular orbitals- Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital along with electronic transitions. We have also investigated the thermal stabilities of molecules as well as the vibrational contribution in the thermodynamic parameters such as specific heat, Gibb’s free energy, and entropy at different temperatures. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2024.
Role of carbonaceous fullerene materials in crop improvement and targeted pesticide management
(Elsevier, 2024) Rohit S. Madankar; Pavan R. Bhilkar; Ashish D. Tiple; Manjiri S. Nagmote; Ajay K. Potbhare; Rohit Sharma; Ahmed A. Abdala; Ratiram G. Chaudhary
The unique carbon cage of carbonaceous fullerene-based materials (CFMs) provides numerous opportunities in the field of aerospace, textile, electronic, agriculture, environmental mitigation, and biomedical/clinical including antimicrobial agent, MRI, drug/gene delivery, antioxidant, etc. Significantly, the development in the field of agriculture is urgent requirement due to steadily increasing globe’s population and standard of living. Hence, it can be achieved only by increasing sufficient crop productivity by using modern nanobiotechnology. Only, few Western countries have been using modern technology in crop production. Basically, nanobiotechnology provides the development of agricultural productivity by the genetic enhancement of plants and, the distribution of drug and gene molecules, in definite sites at biological levels. With appropriate methods and sensors for managing natural resources, primary disease and impurity detection in food products, and smart delivery systems for agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides, interest is growing in agriculture. A thorough examination of nanoparticles’ potential to enter into the plant cell walls and function as intelligent treatment-delivery systems in plants is necessary to realize the goal of “nano-agriculture.” Taking the above scenario into consideration, this chapter focuses on the effects of CFMs on plant functioning, pesticide management, and the crop development at the organism level. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Trends in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Rohit Sharma; Jan Hruska; Lukas Peter; Kristina Randlova; Kamil Kuca
Chronic wounds remain one of the significant burdens to health across the world, mainly in view of diabetes and its natural consequences. This category of lesions includes pressure ulcers, vascular diseases, and surgery-related wounds, which affect millions and pose a major challenge to the healthcare industry. The paper reviews the various physiological mechanisms of wound healing, factors that impede it, and some new treatments emerging at this moment. In contrast, current developments include surgical and non-surgical alternatives like topical dressings, medicated formulations, and skin substitutes. Advanced wound care today covers tissue-engineered skin substitutes, 3D-printed wound dressings, topical medicated formulations, and growth factor-based therapies. These are non-invasive, biocompatible methods that are cost-effective, user-friendly, and more conducive to natural healing than traditional therapies. Hydrogel dressings have high water content to create a moist environment that encourages healing. They also reflect excellent physicochemical and biological properties, which enhance autolytic debridement and reduction of pain due to the moisture retention, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity conferred. Tissue-engineered skin substitutes, comprising allogeneic or autologous cells, wound-healing enhancement bioengineered allogeneic cellular therapies are like the natural skin and encourage regeneration. 3D printing allows the production of customized dressings to aid in better treatment. Newer therapies, including bioengineered allogeneic cellular therapies and fish skin grafting, require more clinical trials to confirm safety and efficacy. With such innovations in wound healing technologies and therapies, the future looks quite promising in managing chronic wounds, enhancing healing, reducing healthcare expenditure, and promoting a better quality of life for patients. © 2024 Bentham Science Publishers.
Unlocking the potential of oncology biomarkers: advancements in clinical theranostics
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2024) Ankit Kumar Dubey; Ishnoor Kaur; Reecha Madaan; Shikha Raheja; Rajni Bala; Manoj Garg; Suresh Kumar; Viney Lather; Vineet Mittal; Deepti Pandita; Rohit Gundamaraju; Rajeev K. Singla; Rohit Sharma
Introduction: Cancer biomarkers have revolutionized the field of oncology by providing valuable insights into tumor changes and aiding in screening, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment prediction, and risk assessment. The emergence of “omic” technologies has enabled biomarkers to become reliable and accurate predictors of outcomes during cancer treatment. Content: In this review, we highlight the clinical utility of biomarkers in cancer identification and motivate researchers to establish a personalized/precision approach in oncology. By extending a multidisciplinary technology-based approach, biomarkers offer an alternative to traditional techniques, fulfilling the goal of cancer therapeutics to find a needle in a haystack. Summary and Outlook: We target different forms of cancer to establish a dynamic role of biomarkers in understanding the spectrum of malignancies and their biochemical and molecular characterization, emphasizing their prospective contribution to cancer screening. Biomarkers offer a promising avenue for the early detection of human cancers and the exploration of novel technologies to predict disease severity, facilitating maximum survival and minimum mortality rates. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of biomarkers in oncology and highlights their prospects in advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment. © 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH. All rights reserved.
Insights into Progressive Perspectives of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Brain Targeting
(CRC Press, 2024) Debarshi Kar Mahapatra; Ratiram G. Choudhary; Kanhaiya M. Dadure; Animeshchandra G. M. Haldar; Rohit Sharma
The brain is a sensitive organ that is not connected to the rest of the body. It is also marked by tightly connected endothelial barriers, enzymatic capabilities, and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transporter systems (like P-gp efflux). The availability of medications throughout the brain is strongly reliant on these substantial barriers. As a result, many promising compounds (with excellent pharmacological potentials in in vitro evaluation) are discarded from the market due to a lack of in vivo reaction, which is most likely caused by the molecule’s inability to reach the brain in an adequate concentration. Medical chemists have the option of customizing molecules for the brain, but doing so is expensive in terms of resources, time, and labor. The current approach for effective delivery of chemicals to the brain, such as access through the ventricular route or the application of chemicals to the brain tissue, is intrusive, less patient-compatible, time-consuming, requires competence, and may irreversibly harm the brain. Due to these factors, the potential for targeted brain distribution of innovative medication delivery technologies such as nanoparticles is now being investigated. Nanoparticles are macromolecular-based solid colloidal particles with sizes ranging from 1 nm to 1000 nm. Nanoparticles may be lipidic (SLNs) or polymeric. If they are lipidic, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are easily absorbed by the brain. In comparison to polymeric nanoparticles, SLNs are less hazardous since they are bioacceptable and biodegradable. They provide fascinating study subjects because of their tiny size, which extends the blood’s circulation time, their capacity to expand for massive manufacturing, and the lack of the burst effect. In the following overview, we will focus on the obstacles to central nervous system medication administration, methods for penetrating the blood-brain barrier, and the value of SLN characterization techniques. We will also go into some depth on the suggested uptake mechanism, strategies for extending plasma retention of the drugs, and in vivo and in vitro procedures for evaluations. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Anurag Kumar Singh, Vivek K. Chaturvedi, and Jay Singh; individual chapters, the contributors.
Adipose-derived stem cells: an upcoming novel therapeutic in the management of Erectile dysfunction post radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer patients
(Springer Nature, 2024) Gargi Digholkar; Ryan Varghese; Kavita Pal; Rohit Sharma
[No abstract available]
Integrated management of Fusarium wilt disease of banana in Kerala, India
(Springer, 2024) N.P. Lishma; K. Anita Cherian; Vimi Louis; R. Sureshkumar; P. Naveen Kumar; Deepak Chandran; M. Pran; Rohit Sharma
Banana is considered an important fruit crop in the livelihood of many people in tropical and subtropical countries. However, in India, the banana crop is threatened by Fusarium wilt disease incited by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), a soil-borne fungus. A purposive sampling survey was conducted in 2018 in various districts of Kerala to study the extent of disease incidence and its severity. The study revealed that the disease incidence ranged from 1.52 to 43.65 percent with 20.41 to 49.57 percent severity. During the survey, it was observed that the major cultivating varieties such as Rasthali/Poovan, Kadali, Njalipoovan, and Chenkadali were infected by the disease which causes serious economic loss to the farmers. Hence, the research was carried out to create an integrated management package against the pathogen causing Fusarium wilt disease in bananas by testing various chemical fungicides and biocontrol agents under both as well as field conditions. Among the various treatments used, an integrated package including sucker treatment with biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by the soil application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Trichoderma viride (biocontrol agent) enriched cow dung at the time of planting and soil drenching with a triazole fungicide tebuconazole at 2 and 4 months after planting was recorded best for the disease management. As a result, the management of Fusarium wilt of banana may be accomplished by the employment of a combined strategy of biocontrol agents and chemical fungicides applied at the prescribed rate. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Plant Research 2023.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms elicited by natural products, including dietary supplements, against neurological disorders
(Elsevier GmbH, 2024) Rajeev K. Singla; Rohit Sharma; Bairong Shen
[No abstract available]
Multifunctional role of nanoparticles for the diagnosis and therapeutics of cardiovascular diseases
(Academic Press Inc., 2024) Ihtesham Arshad; Ayesha Kanwal; Imran Zafar; Ahsanullah Unar; Hanane Mouada; Iashia Tur Razia; Safina Arif; Muhammad Ahsan; Mohammad Amjad Kamal; Summya Rashid; Khalid Ali Khan; Rohit Sharma
The increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains responsible for morbidity and mortality worldwide; their effective diagnostic or treatment methods are of great interest to researchers. The use of NPs and nanocarriers in cardiology has drawn much interest. The present comprehensive review provides deep insights into the use of current and innovative approaches in CVD diagnostics to offer practical ways to utilize nanotechnological interventions and the critical elements in the CVD diagnosis, associated risk factors, and management strategies of patients with chronic CVDs. We proposed a decision tree-based solution by discussing the emerging applications of NPs for the higher number of rules to increase efficiency in treating CVDs. This review-based study explores the screening methods, tests, and toxicity to provide a unique way of creating a multi-parametric feature that includes cutting-edge techniques for identifying cardiovascular problems and their treatments. We discussed the benefits and drawbacks of various NPs in the context of cost, space, time and complexity that have been previously suggested in the literature for the diagnosis of CVDs risk factors. Also, we highlighted the advances in using NPs for targeted and improved drug delivery and discussed the evolution toward the nano-cardiovascular potential for medical science. Finally, we also examined the mixed-based diagnostic approaches crucial for treating cardiovascular disorders, broad applications and the potential future applications of nanotechnology in medical sciences. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.
Current trends of computational tools and artificial intelligence in geriatric medicine
(Elsevier, 2024) Wireko Andrew Awuah; Brian M. Ou Yong; Tatiana Mikhailova; Jyi Cheng Ng; Toufik Abdul-Rahman; Rohan Yarlagadda; Alexander J. Tedeschi; Goshen David Miteu; Tulika Garg; Lian David; Edouard Lansiaux; Helen Huang; Esther Patience Nansubuga; Ayush Anand; Kateryna Sikora; Arda Isik; Sandip Debnath; Sourish Pramanik; Dibyendu Seth; Nobendu Mukerjee; Flora Narli; Rohit Sharma; Arabinda Ghosh; Ghulam Md Ashraf; Αthanasios Alexiou
As lifespans grow across the globe, so does the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases among a rapidly expanding elderly demographic. Originating in the brain—the least understood organ in the human body—neurodegenerative diseases are caused by complex mechanisms that are challenging to study in a heterogeneous patient population. Machine learning, natural language processing, and other subfields of artificial intelligence have shown great promise as computational tools enabling physician-scientists to tackle these challenges on a potentially large scale. This chapter explores current applications of artificial intelligence in the classification, treatment, and management of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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