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Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Perspective in Agriculture Under Biotic and Abiotic Stress
(Elsevier, 2018) Ajay Kumar; Vipin K. Singh; Vijay Tripathi; Prem P. Singh; Amit K. Singh
Knowledge of rhizosphere ecology and its impact on plant physiology has dramatically changed traditional agricultural practices, especially in the context of plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses. It is a universally accepted fact that certain rhizosphere-associated strains, referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), stimulate plant growth and fitness. Since PGPR in symbiotic interactions are an integral part of the living ecosystem, they are believed to be the natural partners that modulate local and systemic mechanisms in plants to offer defense under adverse external conditions. PGPR producing secondary compounds that may act as signals—that is, allelochemicals—induce plant immunity against pathogen attack. Moreover, multifaceted role of PGPR is now being widely implemented for mitigating abiotic stress caused and induced by climate alternations and for restoring natural soil against variety of toxic metals. Future research demands interdisciplinary research that may pave the significant role of PGPR in modulating/introducing new crop traits under adverse conditions. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Rhizosphere and their role in plant-microbe interaction
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2015) Ajay Kumar; Vandana; Akhilesh Yadav; Deen Dayal Giri; P.K. Singh; Kapil D. Pandey
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) plays an important role in sustainable agriculture. These microbes directly or indirectly associated with the plants for growth promotion, disease management and yield enhancement. Genotypes and diversity of individual plants influences the composition of the associated communities. Microbial population of PGPR present in the rhizosphere depends upon the amount and composition of root exudates. The molecules present in the root exudates act as signaling molecules and helps in microbe interaction. This chapter describes the role of root exudates and mode of plant -microbe interaction in the rhizosphere. © 2015 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cell Death in Photoautotrophs
(Springer Nature, 2024) Samujjal Bhattacharjee; Prashansa Singh; Alka Bhardwaj; Arun Kumar Mishra
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled mechanism regulating cellular demise. Though commonly associated with multicellular organisms, it has also been observed in unicellular organisms such as photoautotrophs, which are organisms proficient in generating their sustenance through photosynthesis. This chapter delves into the fundamental role of programmed cell death in photoautotrophs, elucidating its pivotal contributions to growth, development, and adaptive responses to environmental challenges. The exploration unveils the sophisticated mechanisms these organisms have evolved to ensure survival and reproductive success amid changing conditions. Through an in-depth analysis of distinct mechanisms and regulatory pathways governing PCD in photoautotrophs, this chapter provides valuable insights into the broader understanding of cell death processes. It accentuates unique features, specific pathways, molecular players, and regulatory elements that PCD in photoautotrophs apart from other systems, particularly animals. Key discoveries underscore the significance of PCD in sculpting the life cycle of photoautotrophs, resonating with implications for plant biology, ecological dynamics, and beyond. Comparative analyses with PCD in diverse organisms shed light on the evolutionary dimensions of cell death mechanisms. The presented findings not only propel our comprehension of PCD in photoautotrophs but also pave the way for future research, unraveling the intricate interplay between cellular life and death in these vital organisms. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Complications of Lower Limb Edema
(Springer Nature, 2022) Satendra Kumar
Lower limb edema may resolve on its own; unmanaged edema stemming from chronic, systemic, and untreated causes can result in a variety of complications. Edema if left untreated can cause skin stretching to a point of pruritus and discomfort accompanied by painful swelling, stiffness, and difficulty walking. Swollen areas are at increased risk of skin ulcers and infection. Cellulitis, dermatitis, superficial thrombophlebitis, and venous ulcer are the likely complications of lower limb edema which develop over time. Blood clots in deep veins, a condition known as deep vein thrombosis, are more likely when blood circulation is decreased as a result of edema. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Role of gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases via microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis and microbiota-centered therapies
(Elsevier, 2025) Parul Kumar Srivastava; Aprajita Singh; Dawesh Prakash Yadav; Gopal Nath; Lilly Ganju
The human gut harbors trillions of microbes, crucial for maintaining gastrointestinal (GI) health. The gut-brain axis (GBA) refers to the two-way communication between the central and enteric nervous systems, with gut microbiota playing a crucial role. This microbiota creates a complex network that connects the enteric, hepatic, and central nervous systems, known as the microbiota-gut-liver-brain (MGLB) axis. As part of the GBA, the intestinal microbiome aggravates the pathogenesis and progression of metabolic disorders and GI diseases. This chapter will explore the impact of gut microbiota and microbiota-derived compounds on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy, and also focus on the contribution of microbiota-based therapies, including probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and personalized therapies as engineered bacteria and, phages in the treatment of digestive diseases. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..
Phycocyanin from Arthrospira: Production, applications, and advances
(Elsevier, 2023) Vinod K. Kannaujiya; Nasreen Amin; Saumi Pandey; Megha Jaiswal; Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Phycocyanin (PC) is a blue-colored protein pigment associated with the accessory light-harvesting complex in cyanobacteria. It is a water-soluble, multimeric compound having fluorescent tetrapyrrole chromophores, which play obligate roles in the stability and functionality during the harvesting of light energy from the Sun. In addition, PC has an indispensable role in industry and commercial sectors including food technology, dye industry, cosmetics, biomedicals, biofuels, and green pharmaceutics. Recently, PC has also been reported to have various therapeutic properties such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiaging, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anticancerous, immunoenhancer, and antiinflammatory properties. The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis is a major producer of PC and is used for commercial and noncommercial applications in several countries. Increasing social awareness about harmful synthetic dyes has aroused the concern and demand of consumers for healthy pigment products. However, the production of PC is still less relative to the excessive demand due to inadequate cyanobacterial biomass production. To fulfill the outstanding demand, several new and upgraded technologies have been developed for the large-scale cultivation of biomass and production of PC from cyanobacteria in general and Arthrospira in particular. This chapter documents the current status and advances made in the production technologies, stress adaptability, and various applications of PC for human welfare. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Biointensive Integrated Pest Management of Citrus
(Taylor and Francis, 2021) Manish Chandra Mehta; Ingle Dipak Shyamrao; M. Raghuraman
[No abstract available]
Microbial enzyme bioprocesses in biobleaching of pulp and paper: technological updates
(Elsevier, 2023) Guddu Kumar Gupta; Mandeep Dixit; Dharini Pandey; Rajeev Kumar Kapoor; Naveen Kango; Pratyoosh Shukla
Lignocellulosic biomass has become a centre of atention due to its availability as a rapidly renewable source for utilization in the industrial sector. Being an economical substrate it has numerous avenues for its utlization as a substrate for the generation of biofuel and utlization in pulp and paper industry. Various fungi and bacteria can degrade lignocellulosic biomass by their degrading enzymes. Due to the high efficiency and stable metabolic capability, currently, the fungal enzymes have a broad range of industrial applications. Moreover, lignocellulosic biomass is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and nonhazardous and requires lower energy input. The microbial enzymes have been used for the biobleaching of pulp and this approach is reported as cost-effective and ecofriendly compared to the conventional beaching process. It may improve the economic feasibility of the approach by lowering material costs and enhancing the pulp properties. Various enzyme engineering technologies enhance catalytic activity and substrate selectivity. This chapter will be discussing the technological updates on different microbial enzyme bioprocess techniques in the biobleaching of pulp and paper industries. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Melanized Fungi in CNS Infections
(Springer Nature, 2023) Adesh Shrivastava; Rakesh Mishra; Karuna Tadepalli
There are increasing reports of central nervous system infections due to melanized fungi worldwide. These brown pigment-containing fungi are often grouped under dematiaceous mycosis or phaeohyphomycosis. They are predominantly responsible for cerebral infections and brain abscesses, Cladophialophora bantiana, Exophiala dermatitidis, and Phialophora. Fungi under the Bipolaris genus are found in immunocompetent individuals who present with a chronic sinusitis which aggravates into secondary cerebral infection. The vehicle of transmission of phaeohyphomycosis is usually of exogenous nature, e.g., thorn/wood pricks. The melanin-like pigment found in their cell walls is responsible for immune evasion mechanisms. These golden-brown pigments can assist in making a presumptive diagnosis based on their microscopic visualization when examining histopathology samples. There are also cases of hematogenous spread leading to central nervous system involvement, due to penetrating head injuries and direct spread. Curvularia is a melanized mold found ubiquitously in soil, which although extremely rare, has the potential to cause life-threatening brainstem infection. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
“Can’t You See Anything Outside Your Own Damned Backyard?”: a Posthumanist Study of Vandana Singh’s “the Woman Who Thought She Was a Planet” and “the Tetrahedron”
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Rishiraj Mukherjee
[No abstract available]

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