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A laboratory study of effects of joints on rock fragmentation
(American Rock Mechanics Association (ARMA), 1980) D.P. Singh; Y.V. Appa Rao; S.S. Saluja
The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of orientation of jointing on fragmentation by blasting bench shaped models of sandstone in the laboratory. The extreme cases of joints were considered, viz. horizontal and vertical. It was found that the effect of the orientation of jointing on the average mass of fragments was significant, while the effect of burden was highly significant. Both, the orientation of joints and the burden affected the average fragment size significantly. Vertically jointed models gave relatively higher mass of broken fragments, lower average fragment size and increased finer fraction. © 21st U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, USRMS 1980. All Rights Reserved.
Load Shedding in Deregulation Environment and Impact of Photovoltaic System with SMES
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Shailendra Singh; Deepak Tyagi; Ashwani Kumar; Saurabh Chanana
With the continuous increase in the load, the frequency of the system goes on decreasing and it reaches to its minimum allowable value after the further increase in load will result in more frequent drop resulting in the need of load shedding. To avoid load shedding and control of the frequency of the systems some approach have discussed here. The paper includes modeling of SMES with solar PV array for frequency control of three areas interconnected thermal system in deregulated environment. A comparative analysis of different load frequency control scheme such as:Using conventional integral controllerUsing PID controller,Using additional sources of energy (PV with SMES) on the basis of load to be shed have been discussed. The effects of bilateral contracts on the dynamics of a system including three areas, each of which consisting of two GENCOS and two Discos has been discussed. A case study of contract violation of DISCO's also being incorporated. For all the three strategies the critical load at which frequency of the areas tries to go below minimum allowable range also has been calculated. With the help of MATLAB software using Simulink, results have been obtained. From the comparison results indicates that on using the third strategy (with additional sources) we are increasing the efficiency of the system. When using system with PID controller and additional sources, frequency of the system doesn't go below minimum allowable range and there is requirement of load shedding has been eliminated. © 2016 The Authors.
Dynamic modulation of refractive index in Y-X LiNbO3 slab through lamb wave
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Suraj Prakash; Gaurav Sharma; Gulab Chand Yadav; Vivek Singh
Refractive index contrast generation, due to induced modulation of refractive index in Y-X LiNbO3 slab by Lamb wave has been studied theoretically. Acoustic frequency and corresponding wavelength is chosen to excite S0 Lamb mode in 400nm thick slab using Rayleigh-Lamb frequency relations. Propagation of Lamb wave produces strain in the slab and modulates refractive index. This modulation is responsible to produce refractive index contrast. Sinusoidal variation of refractive index has been found in slab with a period equals to wavelength of excited Lamb mode. The obtained maximum variation in refractive index along X is of order 0.0166 with respect to unperturbed value 2.28 in 400nm thick Y-X LiNbO3 slab at 5GHz Lamb wave frequency. These contrast variations along both X and Y directions decrease with increase in slab thickness. © 2017 IEEE.
Structural and optical properties of sol-gel derived Zn1-xMnxO nanoparticles
(2012) Anup K. Ghosh; Shiv Kumar; S. Chatterjee; K.K. Chattopadhyay
Mn-doped ZnO i.e. Zn1-xMnxO (0≤x≤0.06) nanoparticles have been synthesized via sol-gel route. Effects of Mn-ion doping on the structural and optical properties have been investigated. The crystallite structure and quality, morphology and size estimation have been performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and FTIR analysis. To study optical properties UV-Vis spectroscopy has been employed. UV-Vis measurements show that the band gap is increased with increasing of Mn-concentrations. This may be attributed to the orbitals hybridization which is prevailed throughout the range of Mn-doping. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.
Fuzzy model: Time dependent dispersion in rivers
(2009) Vinay Singh; Atul Kumar; Dilip Kumar Jaiswal
In this paper, two dimensional dispersion equation is considered with time dependent along uniform flow. The solution of time dependent dispersion equation is converted in fuzzy environment. The fuzzy arithmetic used to simulate the fuzzy relation in modeling river water qual-ity. The parameters of two dimensional dispersion equation of water quality model are assumed as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. From fuzzy model the concentrations can be obtained by corresponding to the specified α-cut technique and arithmetic operations of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Solution of Fuzzy model is compared with determinate solution of dispersion equation. Copyright © 2009 by IICAI.
Mathematical modelling of Toxoplasma Gondii and host immune response
(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2018) Avinita Gautam; Anupam Priyadarshi
The study of incidence and distribution of health related events including disease, and control of disease are observed through Epidemiology. Toxoplasmosis is an omnipresent protozoan parasite that can infect all warm blood vertebrates, including mammals and birds. The infection is quite vast as approximately 20% human population in US and 30% world-wide are infected by this protozoan parasite. In this study, a mathematical model of interaction between Toxoplasma Gondii invasion dynamics and host immune responses is developed using system of ordinary differential equations. The analytic and numerical simulations are carried out to understand the dynamics and the impact of different functional responses. The Holling type II functional response enhances the effect or cells of host's immune response. However, it does not influence the reproduction number, force of infection and other parameters during the transient and steady-state of the disease infection. © 2018 Author(s).
Machine Learning-Based Analysis of Code Smells at Class Level and Method Level
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Manjari Gupta; Sripriya Roy Chowdhuri; Abhilasha Ojha
In modern software development, maintaining high-quality code is essential for ensuring system robustness, maintainability, and long-term viability. Code smells, which are indicative of below standard alternatives of software design or potential vulnerabilities, can negatively impact software reliability and developer productivity. This paper confers a comprehensive analysis of code smells in both the aspect of class and methods. So, this study focuses on creating a dataset of code smells at different levels of object-oriented paradigm such as at method level and class level in fourteen Java applications and applies several algorithms based on machine learning, specifically J48, JRip, random forest, and Naive Bayes to examine them. The results show that there are several significant code smells which needs to be explored for better software development. The outcomes in this study are quite promising and will pave the way for researchers working in this domain. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Towards recycling: Understanding the modern approach to recover waste aluminium dross
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Arunabh Meshram; Rohit Jha; Seby Varghese
With a growing concern of the modern recycling engineers, the industrial wastes pose a challenge that the world faces. Aluminium dross is one of the many industrial wastes that are generated in aluminium smelter plants all around the world. Utilizing these industrial wastes for the generation of valuable products is one of the major areas of current research. The primary target of the recyclers has been to recover the metallic content of aluminium dross. The modern Salt-Free Technologies (SFT) has been able to achieve this target. The cost of operation, however, is greater than the conventional rotary salt furnaces (RSF). The hydrometallurgical routes involve the leaching of the dross. This process leads to the extraction of metallic aluminium into the liquor and this liquor is utilized to synthesize various valuable products like alums and sulfates, etc. With the leaching, the liberation of various gases (H2, CH4and NH3) takes place. These gases may be captured and used in their respective applications. The residual solid obtained post-leaching is utilized for the production of alumina, which further finds its applications in the generation of composites. The dross has also been directly used as a raw material for the production of refractories, composites, cement clinkers, etc. Therefore, an industrial waste, aluminium dross is employed with good resultant products. Not only is the metallic content of the dross valued, the modern trend implies the complete utilization of the waste. With minimum waste generation and reduced environmental burden, the modern approaches of recycling achieve the recovery of aluminium dross. The present work focuses on these modern technologies and the recent research trends. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Limitations of Rayleigh scattering in the prediction of millimeter wave attenuation in sand and dust storms
(Publ by IEEE, 1993) B.R. Vishvakarma; C.S. Rai
A theoretical investigation conducted on the three main constituents (sand, silt and clay) of the storm reveals that, scattering, absorption and extinction cross sections depend on frequency. In the lower frequency range the absorption cross section dominantly contributes to the extinction cross section and attenuation is almost in agreement with Rayleigh scattering criteria. The attenuation due to dust particles depends on the frequency, visibility, maximum particle-size, and complex permittivity. It is observed that the Rayleigh scattering could be used to predict the losses at lower frequency side of the wave. However at higher frequency side the prediction will be associated with a large deviation due to inherent limitation of the assumptions used in Rayleigh scattering.
Efficacy of Transfer Learning Over Semantic Segmentation
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Adamya Shyam; Suresh Selvam
Semantic Segmentation is amongst the most difficult and important tasks in the field of computer vision. Used in the field of medical imaging, automated vehicles, geo-sensing, etc., the main idea of semantic segmentation is to link each pixel to a class label. Like other computer vision tasks, it too requires highly powerful and computational resources to produce good results. Also, most of the machine learning algorithms assume that the training, as well as the future data, will be in the same feature space, but, in real-world applications, the assumption does not hold. To resolve this problem, in this paper we have implemented the idea of transfer learning over semantic segmentation to study its efficacy. The paper also proposes some encoder-decoder framework-based models developed using transfer learning that perform at least as good as a fully supervised model. The paper concludes that transfer learning serves as a readily effective solution to enhance supervised learning models when properly carried out. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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