Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 2597

Genetic modification of crop plants with ribosome-inactivating protein genes for enhanced resistance to pathogens and pests
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Rajesh Kumar; Shalini Srivastava; Vivek Prasad
Genetic engineering has emerged as an attractive strategy for incorporating resistance in plants against diverse pathogens and has been largely achieved through transgenic expression of ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, pathogen-derived genes, or strategies involving RNA interference and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing tool. RIPs are rRNA N-glycosylases that commonly exert their protective effects through suppression of translation by enzymatically inactivating ribosomes, thereby arresting protein synthesis. Additionally, a few RIPs may possess other enzymatic activities viz. superoxide dismutase, chitinase, DNase and phosphatase, contributing towards pathogen resistance in plants. RIPs are mostly produced by plants and conventionally classified into three types. Type I RIPs are monomeric, with catalytic A chains, exhibiting rRNA N-glycosylase activity. Type II RIPs are dimeric, comprising the enzymatically active A chain associated with the lectin B chain enabling an access inside the cells, hence these are often highly toxic. Less common Type III RIPs include the jasmonic acid inducible protein such as JIP-60, with the catalytic domain becoming functional upon removal of an internal peptide segment and following cleavage of a C-terminal domain which resembles the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e. Unusual RIPs and RIP-related proteins, that cannot be grouped into the classical three types of RIPs, because of their difference in size, structure, or function, also exist. Several RIPs have been recombinantly expressed and demonstrated to possess catalytic activity. Plants carrying RIP transgenes exhibit resistance against viruses, fungi and insects. More often, such studies have been carried out using model systems comprising tobacco, potato or tomato, transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and employing the most widely used promoter such as CaMV 35S, to enable a high-level expression of the RIP gene. This review focuses on the recent developments in the recombinant DNA approach for the modification of crops with RIP genes to reduce the impact of pathogens and pests. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft.
A Comparative Study on Calibration Approach Based Estimators for Domain Estimation Utilizing Power Function: Revisited
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Ashutosh; Piyush Kant Rai; Ajeet Kumar Singh
The calibration approach based estimators of the domain mean have growing demand during past couple of decades. Estimation of domains is another challenging task for surveyors and several efforts have been made to produce the reliable estimators for this purpose. Prominently the power function based estimators in the sample surveys are having dual advantages for the selection and their application to produce an improved estimation at any stage in the terms of efficiency without much complexity. In the domain estimation utilization of the power function in the development of calibration based estimators are also very promising and provide considerable results. A simulation study has examined for the comparison of several calibration estimators along with the proposed estimator in terms of the absolute relative bias and simulated relative standard error. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Legislative microscopy of cyber crimes
(Medico-Legal Update, 2010) Sushama Yadav; Sudhir Yadav; S.K. Tripathi
[No abstract available]
Sustainable Synthesis of Novel Green-Based Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Interventions and Environmental Remediation
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Swati Singh; Harshita Tiwari; Ashish Verma; Priyamvada Gupta; Amrit Chattopadhaya; Ananya Singh; Sanjana Singh; Brijesh Kumar; Abhijit Mandal; Rajiv Kumar; Ashok K. Yadav; Hemant Kumar Gautam; Vibhav Gautam
The advancement in nanotechnology has completely revolutionized various fields, including pharmaceutical sciences, and streamlined the potential therapeutic of many diseases that endanger human life. The synthesis of green nanoparticles by biological processes is an aspect of the newly emerging scientific field known as “green nanotechnology”. Due to their safe, eco-friendly, nontoxic nature, green synthesis tools are better suited to produce nanoparticles between 1 and 100 nm. Nanoformulation of different types of nanoparticles has been made possible by using green production techniques and commercially feasible novel precursors, such as seed extracts, algae, and fungi, that act as potent reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. In addition to this, the biofunctionalization of nanoparticles has also broadened its horizon in the field of environmental remediation and various novel therapeutic innovations including wound healing, antimicrobial, anticancer, and nano biosensing. However, the major challenge pertaining to green nanotechnology is the agglomeration of nanoparticles that may alter the surface topology, which can affect biological physiology, thereby contributing to system toxicity. Therefore, a thorough grasp of nanoparticle toxicity and biocompatibility is required to harness the applications of nanotechnology in therapeutics. © 2024 American Chemical Society
Ligand conjugated lipid-based nanocarriers for cancer theranostics
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Rahul Kumar; Daphika S. Dkhar; Rohini Kumari; Divya; Supratim Mahapatra; Ananya Srivastava; Vikash Kumar Dubey; Pranjal Chandra
Cancer is one of the major health-related issues affecting the population worldwide and subsequently accounts for the second-largest death. Genetic and epigenetic modifications in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes affect the regulatory systems that lead to the initiation and progression of cancer. Conventional methods, including chemotherapy/radiotherapy/appropriate combinational therapy and surgery, are being widely used for theranostics of cancer patients. Surgery is useful in treating localized tumors, but it is ineffective in treating metastatic tumors, which spread to other organs and result in a high recurrence rate and death. Also, the therapeutic application of free drugs is related to substantial issues such as poor absorption, solubility, bioavailability, high degradation rate, short shelf-life, and low therapeutic index. Therefore, these issues can be sorted out using nano lipid-based carriers (NLBCs) as promising drug delivery carriers. Still, at most, they fail to achieve site-targeted drug delivery and detection. This can be achieved by selecting a specific ligand/antibody for its cognate receptor molecule expressed on the surface of the cancer cells. In this review, we have mainly discussed the various types of ligands used to decorate NLBCs. A list of the ligands used to design nanocarriers to target malignant cells has been extensively undertaken. The approved ligand-decorated lipid-based nanomedicines with their clinical status have been explained in tabulated form to provide a wider scope to the readers regarding ligand-coupled NLBCs. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Recent developments on microwave-assisted organic synthesis of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing preferred heterocyclic scaffolds
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023) Ghanshyam Tiwari; Ashish Khanna; Vinay Kumar Mishra; Ram Sagar
In recent decades, the utilization of microwave energy has experienced an extraordinary surge, leading to the introduction of innovative and revolutionary applications across various fields of chemistry such as medicinal chemistry, materials science, organic synthesis and heterocyclic chemistry. Herein, we provide a comprehensive literature review on the microwave-assisted organic synthesis of selected heterocycles. We highlight the use of microwave irradiation as an effective method for constructing a diverse range of molecules with high yield and selectivity. We also emphasize the impact of microwave irradiation on the efficient synthesis of N- and O-containing heterocycles that possess bioactive properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumor activities. Specific attention is given to the efficient synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines-, coumarin-, quinoline-, and isatin-based scaffolds, which have been extensively studied for their potential in drug discovery. The article provides valuable insights into the recent synthetic protocols and trends for the development of new drugs using heterocyclic molecules. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Non-canonical non-genomic morphogen signaling in anucleate platelets: a critical determinant of prothrombotic function in circulation
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2024) Paresh P. Kulkarni; Mohammad Ekhlak; Debabrata Dash
Circulating platelets derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes play a central role in thrombosis and hemostasis. Despite being anucleate, platelets express several proteins known to have nuclear niche. These include transcription factors and steroid receptors whose non-genomic functions are being elucidated in platelets. Quite remarkably, components of some of the best-studied morphogen pathways, namely Notch, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), and Wnt have also been described in recent years in platelets, which regulate platelet function in the context of thrombosis as well as influence their survival. Shh and Notch pathways in stimulated platelets establish feed-forward loops of autocrine/juxtacrine/paracrine non-canonical signaling that helps perpetuate thrombosis. On the other hand, non-canonical Wnt signaling is part of a negative feedback loop for restricting platelet activation and possibly limiting thrombus growth. The present review will provide an overview of these signaling pathways in general. We will then briefly discuss the non-genomic roles of transcription factors and steroid receptors in platelet activation. This will be followed by an elaborate description of morphogen signaling in platelets with a focus on their bearing on platelet activation leading to hemostasis and thrombosis as well as their potential for therapeutic targeting in thrombotic disorders. © 2023, The Author(s).
Cadmium toxicity in plants and alleviation through seed priming approach
(Springer, 2021) Navneet Kumar; Vivek Kumar; Bandana Bose; Rajesh Kumar Singhal
Heavy metals (Cd) contamination of soil and water due to anthropogenic activity, causing toxicity/stress, has potential to turn down the crop productivity and quality globally. Cd affects the fundamental and crucial processes of plants from seed germination to grain maturity, among them antioxidant defense and photosynthesis are prime one. Recent development in various disciplines of agricultural and biological sciences such as molecular breeding, integrative multiomics, and advance agronomical technology involved in heavy metal tolerance, although they are limited to lab conditions or less popular among farmers fields. Therefore, seed priming is promising and versatile approach to heavy metal stress tolerance. Seed priming with various organic and inorganic salts (CaCl2, Mg (NO3)2, proline), plant growth regulators (auxin, gibberellins, salicylic acid), showed the promising results in counteracts the effect of Cd. Seed priming involve in improvements of seed germination, seedling establishment, antioxidant defense, water and mineral nutrition, and carrying stress memory in progenies. To consider the above points, this review summarizes the effect of Cd toxicity on plant system and mineral nutrition. We also provide a glance of seed priming technology in respect to Cd stress tolerance at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels at different plant growth stages. © 2021, Indian Society for Plant Physiology.
Re-addressing the biosafety issues of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Chetan Keswani; Om Prakash; Nidhi Bharti; Juan I. Vílchez; Estibaliz Sansinenea; Richard D. Lally; Rainer Borriss; Surya P. Singh; Vijai K. Gupta; Leonardo F. Fraceto; Renata de Lima; Harikesh B. Singh
To promote agronomic sustainability, extensive research is being carried out globally, investigating biofertilizer development. Recently, it has been realized that some microorganisms used as biofertilizers behave as opportunistic pathogens and belong to the biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) classification. This poses serious risk to the environmental and human health. Evidence presented in various scientific forums is increasingly favoring the merits of using BSL-2 microorganisms as biofertilizers. In this review, we emphasize that partial characterization based on traditional microbiological approaches and small subunit rRNA gene sequences/conserved regions are insufficient for the characterization of biofertilizer strains. It is advised herein, that research and industrial laboratories developing biofertilizers for commercialization or environmental release must characterize microorganisms of interest using a multilateral polyphasic approach of microbial systematics. This will determine their risk group and biosafety characteristics before proceeding with formulation development and environmental application. It has also been suggested that microorganisms belonging to risk-group-1 and BSL-1 category should be used for formulation development and for field scale applications. While, BSL-2 microorganisms should be restricted for research using containment practices compliant with strict regulations. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
(1998) R.K. Garg; B. Karak; A.M. Sharma
[No abstract available]

Filters

Settings

Sort By

Results per page

Search Results