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PublicationArticle Correlation of Mucormycosis with Various Clinical Parameters Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study(Springer, 2025) Harish Chaitram Jadhav; Prashanth Yachrappa Vishwakarma; Snehal V. Thamke; Shruti R. Pundkar; Trupti V. Takle; Mahesh R. KhairnarIntroduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), during the second wave in early 2021, caused devastating chaos in India. As daily infection rates continue to rise alarmingly, the number of severe cases also increased dramatically. Mucormycosis is an infection caused by filamentous molds, and there was a rise in mucormycosis cases after COVID-19 infection. The aim of the study is to assess various parameters associated with mucormycosis patients who suffered from COVID-19. Material and Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional questionnaire study. The target population for the study were 70 mucormycosis-infected patients (51 = males, 19 = females). The questionnaire mainly focused on association of various parameters of COVID-19 with mucormycosis. Results: Result showed that out of 70 cases of mucormycosis the association was found between history of diabetes mellitus 45 (64.2%), type of hospitalization, number of days of hospitalization, oxygen administered, type and maintenance of face mask, i.e., patient who had reused mask by washing 59 (84.3%), and method of oral hygiene practices. Conclusion: Mucormycosis is extremely rare in population. The study findings emphasize the need to be aware of invasive mucormycosis developing in COVID-19 patients, especially including patients with diabetes mellitus and outside the ICU, patient who had poor oral hygiene during COVID-19, patients receiving oxygen therapy should ensure that the water in the humidifier is clean and is refilled regularly, knowledge and education about the use of the facemask. © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2023.PublicationArticle A hybrid deep learning model for COVID-19 prediction and current status of clinical trials worldwide(Tech Science Press, 2020) Shwet Ketu; Pramod Kumar MishraInfections or virus-based diseases are a significant threat to human societies and could affect the whole world within a very short time-span. Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), also known as novel coronavirus or SARSCoV- 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2), is a respiratory based touch contiguous disease. The catastrophic situation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic posed a serious threat to societies globally. The whole world is making tremendous efforts to combat this life-threatening disease. For taking remedial action and planning preventive measures on time, there is an urgent need for efficient prediction models to confront the COVID-19 outbreak. A deep learning-based ARIMA-LSTM hybrid model is proposed in this article for predicting the COVID-19 outbreak by utilizing real-time information from the WHO's daily bulletin report as well as provides information regarding clinical trials across the world. To evaluate the suitability and performance of our proposed model compared to other well-established prediction models, an experimental study has been performed. To estimate the prediction results, the three performance measures, i.e., Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Coefficient of determination (R2 Score), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) have been employed. The prediction results of fifty countries substantiated the fact that the proposed ARIMA-LSTM hybrid model performs very well as compared to other models. The proposed model archives the lowest RMSE, lowest MAPE, and highest R2 Score throughout the testing, under varied selection criteria (country- wise). This article aims to contribute a deep learning-based solution for the wellbeing of livings and to provide the current status of clinical trials across the globe. © 2021 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.PublicationReview An Insight into COVID-19 and Traditional Herbs: Bangladesh Perspective(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Md. Mominur Rahman; Sheikh Shohag; Md. Rezaul Islam; Shomaya Akhter; Sadia Afsana Mim; Rohit Sharma; Abdur RaufSARS-CoV-2 was first discovered in Wuhan in late 2019 and has since spread over the world, resulting in the present epidemic. Because targeted therapeutics are unavailable, scientists have the opportunity to discover new drugs or vaccines to counter COVID-19, and therefore a number of synthetic bioactive compounds are now being tested in clinical studies. Due to its broad therapeutic spectrum and low adverse effects, medicinal herbs have been used as traditional healing medication in those countries for ages. Due to a lack of synthetic bioactive antiviral medications, pharmaceutical and alternative therapies have been developed using a variety of herbal compositions. Due to the wide-spread availability of herbal and dietary products worldwide, people frequently use them. Notably, the majority of Bangladeshi people continue to use a variety of natural plants and herbs to treat various types of diseases. This review article discusses how previous research has shown that some herbs in Bangladesh have immunomodulatory and antiviral effects and how their active ingredients have been gathered. Even though FDA-approved medications and vaccines are available for the treatment of COVID-19, the purpose is to encourage the use of herbal medicine as immunomodulators and vaccine adjuvants for the treatment of COVID-19 prevention. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.PublicationArticle Can the summer temperatures reduce COVID-19 cases?(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Chandi C. Mandal; M.S. PanwarObjective: Despite huge global, national, and local preventive measures including travel restriction, social distancing, and quarantines, the outbreak of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) develops the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 emerging from Wuhan, China, took only three months to cover >200 countries worldwide by infecting more than 2.4 million people and killing more than 150,000 people. Although this infection at the early stage creates seasonal flu-like symptoms with a higher illness, it eventually causes a higher mortality. Epidemiological studies not only find the causes of many health issues but also suggest preventive measures. This study aimed to see the link between environment temperature and COVID-19 cases. Study design: The monthly average environment temperature (MAET) and various COVID-19 cases of a country were collected and analyzed to see the relationship between these parameters. Methods: Univariate analysis and statistical modeling were used to determine the relationship between environment temperature and different COVID-19 cases. Results: This study found that the majorities of the countries having higher COVID-19 cases are located in the higher latitude (colder region) in the globe. As of 20th April data available, statistical analyses by various methods have found that strong negative correlations with statistical significance exist between MAET and several COVID-19 cases including total cases, active cases, and cases per million of a country (Spearman correlation coefficients were −0.45, −0.42, and −0.50 for total cases, active cases, and cases/per million, respectively). Analysis by the statistical log-linear regression model further supports that the chance of patients to contract COVID-19 is less in warmer countries than in colder countries. Conclusion: This pilot study proposes that cold environment may be an additional risk factor for COVID-19 cases. © 2020 The Royal Society for Public HealthPublicationArticle Are Children and Younger People more Susceptible to the Newer Strains of SARS-CoV-2 than Previous Ones? Current Evidence(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Abu Bashar; Nazia BegamThe clinical impact of the new SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 on children and young people (aged 18 years or younger) regarding acute respiratory COVID-19 is yet to be fully defined. Media reports of increases in admissions to hospital and more serious illnesses in children and young people have resulted in chaos and panic in public and implicated the B.1.1.7 variant as a cause of more pathogenic infection within this group. © 2021 Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth.PublicationReview Geriatric Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Problems, Considerations, Exigencies, and Beyond(Frontiers Media S.A., 2020) Kuldeep Dhama; Shailesh Kumar Patel; Rakesh Kumar; Jigyasa Rana; Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo; Akshay Kumar; Ruchi Tiwari; Jaideep Dhama; Senthilkumar Natesan; Rajendra Singh; Harapan HarapanThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wreaked havoc worldwide, with more than 20 million confirmed cases and nearly 0. 75 million deaths as of 10th August 2020. Various factors determine the severity and symptoms of this infection. Older age and underlying diseases are the challenges being faced in controlling and treating COVID-19. In 2019, 703 million of the global population was older than 65 years of age. The estimated mortality due to COVID-19 in people older than 76 years of age is reportedly 18%. Frequent infections in older people, higher disease severity, and increased mortality are major challenges in the implementation of appropriate preventive measures and future strategies to protect against this disease in geriatric population. Poor health status, weak immune function, lowered organ function, increased probability of multiple underlying diseases, and poor attention to personal health can increase the susceptibility to various diseases in the geriatric population. Concerning inadequate immunity, the decrease expression of receptors and exaggerated pathophysiologic responses can be debilitating. However, future studies will reveal the hidden facets in these aspects in this COVID-19 catastrophe. In this article, we reviewed the main concerns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the geriatric population, including the risk of acquiring severe COVID-19 resulting in mortality, variation in clinical manifestations, and other pandemic-related concerns. We also discussed the need for increasing attention toward the elderly, taking appropriate prevention and control measures, and considering geriatric-related adjustments in vaccine design and development. © Copyright © 2020 Dhama, Patel, Kumar, Rana, Yatoo, Kumar, Tiwari, Dhama, Natesan, Singh and Harapan.PublicationArticle Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurosurgical Practice in a Tertiary Care Center in India(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2021) Rahul Singh; Anurag Sahu; Kulwant Singh; Ravi Shankar Prasad; Nityanand Pandey; Ramit Chandra SinghObjectives The aim of the study is to determine the magnitude of repercussions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on neurosurgical specialty and formulate a management approach. Materials and Methods This combined retrospective and prospective study was done in neurosurgical specialty of IMS-BHU, Varanasi, India, a tertiary care center, between January 1, 2020 and May 31, 2020. Analysis of impact on neurosurgical emergency and electives was done over before pandemic, during lockdown 1 and 2 and during lockdown 3 and 4 timelines. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on psychology of neurosurgical team (50 members) and on patient party (88) were also evaluated. Virtual learning and webinars as a substitute to residential neurosurgical training were analyzed by a questionnaire given to 13 neurosurgeons of our department. Statistical Analysis Ordinary one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and unpaired t -test were used according to data analyzed. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. GraphPad Prism software was used for this analysis. Results On an average 8.22 admissions per day were done in neurosurgical emergency before pandemic. After lockdown these figures reduced to 3.2 admissions per day during lockdown 1 and 2 and to 5.36 admissions per day during lockdown 3 and 4. There was significant reduction in neurotrauma admission rate during lockdown (p < 0.0001) at our center. There was 76% reduction in emergency neurosurgical operated cases during pandemic. There was significant reduction in outpatient department (OPD) attendance per day, OPD admissions per day (p < 0.0001), and total elective surgeries (p < 0.0001) during lockdown. Of 50 neurosurgical team members (neurosurgeons, nursing, and ground staff) interviewed, 90% of them had the fear of contacting the COVID-19 disease, fear of well-being of family and children, and difficulty in transport. Three out of 13 neurosurgeons (23.1%) agreed on change in practice based on what they learned from virtual teaching and webinars and only two of them (15.4%) accepted improvement of skills based on virtual learning. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a significant impact on health care systems worldwide. For conserving resources elective surgical procedures should be limited. This pandemic has a negative impact on neurosurgical resident training program and psychology of both neurosurgical unit and patients. © 2021 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.PublicationArticle One microsecond MD simulations of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and hydroxychloroquine complex reveal the intricate nature of binding(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Prateek Kumar; Taniya Bhardwaj; Ankur Kumar; Neha Garg; Rajanish GiriCurrently, several vaccines and antivirals across the globe are in clinical trials. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was reported to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus in antiviral assays. Here, it raises the curiosity about the molecular target of HCQ inside the cell. It may inhibit some of the viral targets, or some other complex mechanisms must be at disposal towards action mechanisms. In some of the viruses, proteases are experimentally reported to be a potential target of HCQ. However, no in-depth investigations are available in the literature yet. Henceforth, we have carried out extensive, one-microsecond long molecular dynamics simulations of the bound complex of hydroxychloroquine with main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. Our analysis found that HCQ binds within the catalytic pocket of Mpro and remains stable upto one-third of simulation time but further causes increased fluctuations in simulation parameters. In the end, the HCQ does not possess any pre-formed hydrogen bond, other non-covalent interactions with Mpro, ultimately showing the unsteadiness in binding at catalytic binding pocket and may suggest that HCQ may not inhibit the Mpro. In the future, this study would require experimental validation on enzyme assays against Mpro, and that may be the final say. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.PublicationArticle Knowledge, awareness and practices (kap) about covid-19 in jazan(Natural Sciences Publishing, 2021) Abdullah Ali H. Ahmadini; Nitesh K. Adichwal; Mutum Zico Meetei; Yashpal Singh Raghav; Mohammed Ali H. Ahmadini; Ahmed Msmali; Neha SethCorona viruses are a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). A typical presentation of MERS-COV disease is fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is a common finding, but not always present. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported. Severe illness can cause respiratory failure that requires mechanical ventilation and support in an intensive care unit. The virus appears to cause more severe disease in older people, people with weakened immune systems, and those with chronic diseases such as renal disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes. No vaccine or specific treatment is currently available to prevent. The only way to prevent from COVID-19 is to have proper knowledge and awareness. So, accessing knowledge and awareness among people is very important. In this paper a study have been carried out to access the knowledge, awareness and practices about COVID-19 among the people of Jazan. The data collected in this survey can be used as a baseline data to monitor public perception and their behavior in case of a future outbreak of any infectious disease in Jazan. This study will be useful to get the current level of knowledge and awareness among people of Jazan. © 2021 NSP.PublicationArticle All India Ophthalmological Society Financial Impact Survey on ophthalmology practice in India during COVID-19(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Divya Agarwal; Rohit Saxena; Rajesh Sinha; Deepak Mishra; Mahipal S. Sachdev; Namrata SharmaPurpose: A survey was conducted by the All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS) to document the initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related financial impact on ophthalmology practice in India. It also assessed various measures taken by ophthalmologists and the possible role of AIOS in mitigating the economic crisis. Methods: An online questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among its registered members from July to August 2020. The prevalidated questionnaire contained 25 items related to the impact of COVID-19 on patient volume, the extent of financial distress faced by the ophthalmologists, and various proactive measures taken by them. All valid responses were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Out of 1,026 respondents, more than 90% ophthalmologists faced a 25% or more reduction in outpatient and surgical volume. Nearly 59% reported that they can suffer from serious financial distress in near future due to COVID-19 pandemic-related losses. Those who are young (P < 0.0005), salaried (P < 0.0005), and practicing in private sector (P < 0.0005) and Tier 1 cities (P < 0.0005) are reported to be more vulnerable to become financially unstable. The major concerns were revenue losses (70%), preexisting debts (39%), and increased operating costs (27%). The majority (90%) believed that AIOS can help in alleviating the distress. There was also hesitancy regarding the adoption of teleophthalmology and home-based care. Conclusion: COVID-19 has significantly affected the financial sustainability of ophthalmologists practicing in India. Identification of vulnerable groups and timely advocacy efforts by AIOS can help in mitigating this financial crisis. © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.