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A global perspective of fine particulate matter pollution and its health effects

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dc.contributor.authorMukherjee, Arideep
dc.contributor.authorAgrawal, Madhoolika
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-01T09:35:49Z
dc.date.available2025-03-01T09:35:49Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractFine particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air is implicated in a variety of human health issues throughout the globe. Regulation of fine PM in the atmosphere requires information on the dimension of the problem with respect to variations in concentrations and sources. To understand the current status of fine particles in the atmosphere and their potential harmful health effects in different regions of the world this review article was prepared based on peer-reviewed scientific papers, scientific reports, and database from government organizations published after the year 2000 to evaluate the global scenario of the PM2.5 (particles <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter), its exceedance of national and international standards, sources, mechanism of toxicity, and harmful health effects of PM2.5 and its components. PM2.5 levels and exceedances of national and international standards were several times higher in Asian countries, while levels in Europe and USA were mostly well below the respective standards. Vehicular traffic has a significant influence on PM2.5 levels in urban areas; followed by combustion activities (biomass, industrial, and waste burning) and road dust. In urban atmosphere, fine particles are mostly associated with different health effects with old aged people, pregnant women, and more so children being the most susceptible ones. Fine PM chemical constituents severely effect health due to their carcinogenic or mutagenic nature. Most of the research indicated an exceedance of fine PM level of the standards with a diverse array of health effects based on PM2.5 chemical constituents. Emission reduction policies with epidemiological studies are needed to understand the benefits of sustainable control measures for fine PM mitigation. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/398_2017_3
dc.identifier.issn1795953
dc.identifier.urihttps://dl.bhu.ac.in/ir/handle/123456789/72069
dc.publisherSpringer New York LLC
dc.subjectAerosol
dc.subjectAir
dc.subjectCentral pollution control board
dc.subjectChina
dc.subjectDust
dc.subjectEmission
dc.subjectEpidemiology
dc.subjectEuropean Union
dc.subjectExceedance
dc.subjectFine PM components
dc.subjectGlobal
dc.subjectHealth effects
dc.subjectIndia
dc.subjectMechanism
dc.subjectNational ambient air quality standard
dc.subjectParticulate matter
dc.subjectPM
dc.subjectPM<sub>2.5</sub>
dc.subjectPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
dc.subjectSecondary organic aerosol
dc.subjectSources apportionment
dc.subjectTraffic
dc.subjectVolatile organic hydrocarbons
dc.subjectWorld Health Organization
dc.titleA global perspective of fine particulate matter pollution and its health effects
dc.typeBook chapter
dspace.entity.typePublication
journal.titleReviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
journalvolume.identifier.volume244

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2018