Yadav, Suraj A.Gupta, Dileep KumarPrasad, RajendraSharma, JyotiSrivastava, Prashant K.2025-01-272025-01-272022978-012823457-0; 978-012823594-2https://dl.bhu.ac.in/ir/handle/123456789/14831This chapter discusses radar bands and radar system configurations used for various applications of earth exploration. Because theoretical modeling in radar sensing deals with the modeling of radar cross-section or scattering coefficients, fundamental mathematical concepts for radar cross-section or scattering coefficients measurements of point targets and distributive targets using monostatic (i.e., backward scatter alignment convention) and bistatic (i.e., forward scatter alignment convention) radar system configurations are discussed in detail. In defining the radar cross-section or scattering coefficients of target, the amplitude calibration and characterization of radar system are necessary to obtain a meaningful radar cross-section. Four well-known and most common amplitude calibrations are discussed in this chapter. The subsystem characterization of radar system parameters is also discussed. Finally, we discuss the basic procedures of the measurement system and important precautions to take for meaningful radar data acquisition. � 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Backward scatter alignmentForward scatter alignmentRadar cross-sectionRadar systemScattering coefficientBook chapterhttps://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823457-0.00019-7