Yadav, MamtaSingh, Devesh KumarGanesan, VellaichamyRamaraj, Ramasamy2025-01-302025-01-302021978-153619798-3; 978-153619763-1https://dl.bhu.ac.in/ir/handle/123456789/24863Carbon-based materials are group of materials in which carbon forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms or with other elements (metal or non-metal) that leads to the formation of variety of materials. Carbon-based materials when coated on electrode surfaces, lead to the enhancement of electroactive surface area, electron transport properties, and promote adsorption of molecules which are advantageous for the electrochemical sensors. Depending on their hybridization (sp, sp2, and sp3) and geometrical structure (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D), carbon-based materials exist in multiforms like carbon nanodiamonds, fullerenes, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanodots, and carbon nanofibers. The functionalization of carbon-based materials is another important factor for selective sensing which leads to the change in the surface chemistry that optimizes the interaction of the carbon surface with the exterior domain. Numerous recent electrochemical sensors have been reported on the functionalization of carbon-based materials. Mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN) is another emerging class of carbon material having exchangeable N-H groups which makes it a potential material for sensing applications. The suitability of carbon materials (including MCN) in sensors is further supported by their biocompatibility, high stability, tunable electronic structure, and cost-effective synthesis. In addition to the above advantages, carbon materials are liable for easy chemical modification through heteroatom doping or adsorption of metal and/or organic species for analyte sensing. In this chapter, the role of the functionalization of carbon-based materials and their exploitation in electrochemical sensing will be clarified. � 2021 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Carbon-based materialsCovalent functionalizationElectrochemical sensorNon-covalent functionalizationBook chapter