Kumar, BasantInduSinghal, Rajesh KumarChand, SubhashChauhan, JyotiKumar, VivekMishra, Udit NandanHidangmayum, AkashSingh, AnkitaBose, Bandana2025-01-272025-01-272022978-032385581-5; 978-032385582-2https://dl.bhu.ac.in/ir/handle/123456789/14581Diversified anthropogenic activities including intense farming (farm mechanization, high dose of fertilizer, and agrochemicals) increase the productivity and production of the agriculture sector. However, it alters the quantity and grain quality of agricultural products and also dwindles the soil and environment sustainability. Therefore, it is imperative necessity to explore novel, emerging, highly efficient, and ecofriendly approaches, which can provide a balanced diet to the next generation. In this context, nanotechnology in the agriculture sector is moving towards achieving the goal of future sustainability. Seed priming with nanochemicals or green chemicals such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represents one of the emerging, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approaches to enhance the crop production with the use of minimum inputs and higher utilization of primary resources (light, water, and nutrients) under adverse climatic and soil conditions. The nanopriming [seed treatment with nanoparticles (NPs) before sowing] with green chemicals such as chitosan, micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu), and inorganic and organic compounds (PGPR hormones) has shown dynamic and excellent results during seed germination, vegetative phase, reproductive phase and in grain quality attributes. This approach is very efficient in improving nutrient use efficiency (via enhancing nutrient absorption, transport, and partitioning to reproductive parts), water use efficiency (via enhanced water uptake and utilization), assimilated partitioning, and other resource use efficiencies, which reduces the extra load of fertilizers, pesticides, and other agrochemicals used in the cultivation of crops. Moreover, nanopriming improves the plant antioxidant defense via improving stress genes and proteins, antioxidant chemicals, and signaling compounds, which ultimately reduce the energy load of the crop during adverse situations. To realize the importance of nanopriming, this chapter explores the recent advances and achievements made under unfavorable situations, future challenges, and prospects to improve the depth of knowledge regarding NP mechanism�s to accomplish the central goal of sustainability for farmers, scientific communities, and our future generation. � 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Climate changegreen chemicalsnanoprimingresource use efficiencysustainabilityBook chapterhttps://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85581-5.00011-2