Poudel, AnujSingh, Satish KumarJim�nez-Ballesta, RaimundoJatav, Surendra SinghPatra, AbhikPandey, Astha2025-01-282025-01-28202320734395https://dl.bhu.ac.in/ir/handle/123456789/22693Appropriate phosphorus (P) management techniques increase yield and nutritional properties while minimizing environmental concerns. The widespread use of nano-fertilizers (NFs) in agriculture endangers soil and plants. It is vital to research the behavior of nano-phosphors (nano-P) on plant growth and quality, as well as their technique of interaction with soil properties in order to obtain key ecosystem benefits. With this in mind, a field experiment was conducted using wheat as a test crop to explore the impact of nano phosphorus (nano-P) on soil. The study�s goal was to examine how the foliar application of nano-P to wheat affects its growth, yield and nutrient concentration. Treatments consisted of: T1: 100% NPK (120:137:72 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha?1) by RDF (recommended dose of fertilizer); T2: 100% NPK by RDF + 2 foliar sprays of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha?1; T3: 100% NK + 0% P (no foliar); T4: 100% NK + 75% P + 2 foliar sprays of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha?1; T5: 100% NK + 50% P + 2 foliar sprays of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha?1;T6: 100% NK + 0% P + 2 foliar sprays of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha?1; T7: 100% NPK by RDF + 1 foliar spray of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha?1; T8: 100% NK + 75% P + 1 foliar spray of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha?1; T9: 100% NPK + 1 foliar spray of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha?1; T10-100% NK + 75% P + 1 foliar spray of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha?1. According to the findings, applying 100% NK + 75% P + 2 foliar applications of nano-P at the tillering and panicle initiation stages increased yield over 100% RDF by 37.1%. Additionally, the highest micronutrient concentration (Zn (36.4 mg kg?1), Cu (21.2 mg kg?1), Mn (22.9 mg kg?1) and Fe (61.1 mg kg?1)) in grain were noticed in T3 (100% NK + 0% P no foliar spray of nano-P) treatment, which was superior to T1 (100% NPK). Furthermore, foliar application of nano-P fertilizer in combination with different levels of diammonium phosphate (DAP) slightly increased the amount of N, P and K, as well as micronutrients in post-harvest soil. In summary, the use of 100% NK + 75% + 2 foliar applications of nano-P saved 25% recommendation dose P if supplied as nano-P as a form of phosphorus, and can be a suitable substitute for DAP, especially in smart agriculture, as it possibly reduces P leaching into groundwater, while maintaining or increasing wheat crop yield over the 100% RDF. � 2023 by the authors.endiammonium phosphatefoliar applicationmicronutrientsnano-phosphoruswheatArticlehttps://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030768