Sharma, SachinSingh, SurendraBahuguna, AyushYadav, BhartiBarthwal, AkshitaKhatana, Raghu Nandan SinghPandey, AsthaThakur, RajneeshJatav, Hanuman Singh2025-01-272025-01-272022978-168507747-1; 978-168507747-1https://dl.bhu.ac.in/ir/handle/123456789/14912The increasing global population accelerates world food demand with limited land resources. It shifts the research towards higher productivity with higher fertilizer use on large scale but with high economic inputs. This promotes the use of Nanotechnology in fertilizer industries which offers higher production with the desired customization in nutrient values, high reactivity, changeable surface area, high nutrient use efficiency because of its different physic-chemical properties. Nanoparticles facilitate a smart delivery system of nutrients with the targeted cellular approach in plants as well as in the rhizosphere. The nanopolymers and nano fertilizers also benefit the plant in stress resistance, crop nutrient quality and improve water use efficiency. However, the behavior of nanoparticles to surpass the food chain, its concentration and toxicity in edible products is still a topic of research. The present chapter deals with their mechanisms, controlled release pattern, particle morphology, chemical kinetics, interaction with soil colloids as well as the effect on the microbiome with lesser amount application in the field and proves to replace the current conventional fertilizers with sustainability and minimal environmental risks. � 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.controlled releasenanoparticlesnanopolymersnanotechnologysmart deliveryBook chapter