Sarvottam K.Gajbhiye R.N.Arvind A.Yadav B.S.2025-01-132025-01-132024978-044322268-9; 978-044322269-6https://dl.bhu.ac.in/ir/handle/123456789/2821The interaction of the brain with peripheral organs is bidirectional which comprises neuronal, neurohumoral, or endocrine signaling. The substance produced by peripheral organs modulates brain function and may bring about plasticity. The substances produced by bone, skeletal muscle, heart, adipose tissue, and many other tissues are important in the regulation of brain function and plasticity in health and disease. The substances produced by peripheral organs communicate with the brain through circumventricular organs, have their receptors on endothelial cells of brain capillaries, or diffuse in extracellular vesicles. This chapter deals in detail with brain interaction with these organs in health and disease. � 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.enCellular neuroscienceClinical endocrinologyClinical neuroscienceNervous systemNervous system physiologyNeurophysiologySystems neuroscienceBook chapter10.1016/B978-0-443-22268-9.00015-6