Roy R.Madhukar P.Singh V.K.Tiwari R.Kumar A.RajneeshRai M.Gautam V.Sundar S.Kumar R.2025-01-132025-01-132024978-032399661-7; 978-032399662-4https://dl.bhu.ac.in/ir/handle/123456789/3413Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases that predominantly affect impoverished individuals in developing regions. Recent research has highlighted the significant role of microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNA molecules, in regulating gene expression and contributing to disease pathogenesis in leishmaniasis. Understanding the intricate miRNA-mediated interactions provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of leishmaniasis and facilitates the development of targeted interventions. Moreover, miRNAs demonstrate altered expression levels, and their presence in the bloodstream enables noninvasive detection, making them promising biomarker candidates for diagnosis and prognosis. This chapter focuses on the role of miRNAs in regulating the immune response during leishmania infection, emphasizing their potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets. � 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.enbiomarkerCaenorhabditis elegansimmune responseLeishmaniasismiRNAneglected tropical diseaseparasitic infectionBook chapter10.1016/B978-0-323-99661-7.00009-6