Browsing by Author "Ambrish Kumar"

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A Comprehensive Review of Novel Emerging Electrolytes for Supercapacitors: Aqueous and Organic Electrolytes Versus Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Moumita Saha; Ambrish Kumar; Rahul Kanaoujiya; Kamalakanta Behera; Shruti Trivedi
Storage of energy is essential to meet the daily demand for powering portable devices. This necessitates the development of storage systems such as supercapacitors (SCs), batteries, and solar cells. SCs have garnered a lot of attention for their ability to provide a massive amount of power. Nevertheless, traditional mechanisms fall short of our expectations. Ionic liquids (ILs), the evolutionary green designer solvents, are efficient enough to substitute for conventional electrolytes such as aqueous or organic electrolytes in SCs. A limited potential window of aqueous electrolytes restricts the performance of high energy electrodes. In contrast, organic electrolytes with high volatility, flammability, and lack of tunability are not suitable for long-term and robust applications. Beneficial properties of ILs such as negligible volatility, high thermal, chemical, and electrochemical stability have overcome many restrictions in SCs and improved their overall performances. ILs can be used as standalone electrolyte or can be mixed with organic electrolytes, redox elements, and polymers to obtain electrolytes for SCs. The structure of anions and cations has been found to significantly influence overall electrochemical performances. ILs benefit SCs with a wider working voltage, temperature range, and better energy density. ILs have been utilized not only as electrolytes but also in the synthesis of electrode materials. Consequently, it is essential to discuss recent findings and the function of ILs in achieving higher-performing SCs. This review mainly highlights the most recent findings on the use of ILs-based electrolytes and electrodes in supercapacitors. © 2024 American Chemical Society
Advancements in estimating post-mortem interval in medico-legal practice: A comprehensive review
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Jyotsana Singh; Ambrish Kumar; Shruti Trivedi; Surendra Kumar Pandey
Estimating the Post-Mortem Interval (PMI) is a crucial aspect of forensic investigations, aiding in the resolution of criminal cases, identifying missing persons, and understanding decomposition processes. This review provides an exhaustive analysis of recent advancements in PMI estimation techniques, encompassing both traditional and emerging methodologies. Included in the study is an exhaustive examination of well-established methodologies, including algor mortis, livor mortis, and rigor mortis, as well as their shortcomings and improvements. It also delves into innovative approaches, including forensic entomology, chemical and molecular biology, microbiology, artificial intelligence, etc. Furthermore, this article discusses the integration of multiple disciplines and the potential of interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance PMI accuracy and reliability. By synthesizing the latest research findings and technological innovations, this review aims to provide forensic practitioners, law enforcement agencies, and medico-legal professionals with a comprehensive understanding of the current state-of-the-art in PMI estimation, facilitating more effective crime scene investigations and judicial proceedings. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Autopsy-based all-cause unnatural mortality during pre-pandemic and pandemic of COVID-19 in Varanasi, India: a retrospective analysis
(Springer, 2024) Jyotsana Singh; Ambrish Kumar; Surendra Kumar Pandey
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant disruptions in healthcare systems worldwide, with Varanasi, India, experiencing profound challenges in managing mortality rates. In order to inform public health initiatives, it is important to comprehend how the pandemic has affected all-cause unnatural death in comparison to pre-pandemic patterns. This retrospective study intended to investigate patterns of all-cause unnatural mortality employing autopsy records of cases from Varanasi's Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University during the pre-pandemic and pandemic period (First and Second wave) of COVID-19. The analysis included 2694 cases of unnatural mortality, such as road traffic accident (RTA), poisoning, hanging and other causes. Demographic, clinical, and circumstantial data were collected and compared between the two time periods, that revealed significant as well as non-significant shifts in all-cause unnatural mortality rates. Whilst certain types of unnatural deaths, such as RTAs, witnessed a non-significant 2.03% (p = 0.34722) decrease, others like hanging exhibited an unexpected significant 3.17% (p = 0.01732) rise, burning and poisoning witnessed a significant 4.18% (p = 0.00026) and 2.37% (p = 0.0271) decline respectively. RTA was the leading cause of mortality both during and before pandemic. Male deaths (79.18%) outweighed female deaths (20.82%) by a more substantial amount throughout research periods. Additionally, variations in demographic characteristics, circumstances surrounding deaths, and healthcare utilization were observed during the pandemic period. The majority of unnatural fatalities occur in the age group of 21–30 years old in both pre-pandemic (22.62%) and pandemic conditions (26.65%). This study provides important insights into the secondary effects of the pandemic on unnatural mortality and emphasizes the need for individualized public health. Furthermore, research is warranted to explore the long-term implications and address the associated challenges for healthcare systems and public health initiatives. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Green Corrosion Inhibition: Theory and Practices
(CRC Press, 2024) Bharti Sheokand; Seema R. Pathak; Chandan K. Mandal; Drishti Gupta; Deepti Verma; Kamalakanta Behera; Ambrish Kumar; Monika Vats; Shruti Trivedi
In daily life, corrosion is an inevitable problem. Metal corrosion control is crucial for technical, financial, health, and environmental reasons. One of the finest methods for preventing corrosion in metals and metal alloys involves the application of inhibitors. Toxicity of the environment caused by synthetic inhibitors has increased the use of green corrosion inhibitors which are biodegradable, are nontoxic, and do not include heavy metals. In addition, these are affordable, easily accessible, and renewable. The majority of the natural products have the required components for their use as a good source of green corrosion inhibitors. These components help with the adsorption of these substances on metals or alloys to produce a coating that protects the surface and prevents corrosion. The numerous forms of green corrosion inhibitors are briefly covered in this chapter, with a focus on the discussion of the various characteristics of the green corrosion inhibitors documented in the literature. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Chandrabhan Verma, Ashish Kumar, and Abhinay Thakur; individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved.
Green solvents tailored nanostructures of block copolymers and their potential applications in drug delivery
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Ambrish Kumar; Moumita Saha; Ritik Vishwakarma; Kamalakanta Behera; Shruti Trivedi
In the past decades, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ionic liquids (ILs) have garnered significant interest in various disciplines of the chemical, physical and biological sciences as task-oriented (designer) and emerging “green” solvent substitutes to the hazardous and volatile organic solvents. The physicochemical properties of these green designer solvents are precisely customizable by tuning the structures of their constituents for a particular application. These unique substances have shown enormous application potentials in several interdisciplinary research fields, like, catalysis, synthesis, biocatalysis, separation and extraction, biomolecular dissolution and stability, nanoscience, pharmaceutics, and drug delivery. Furthermore, block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembled nanostructures such as vesicles, micelles, microemulsions, polymersomes, etc. formed within different solvent media have attracted various researchers around the world owing to their immense potential for application in several domains of science and technology including drug delivery, photonic material, data storage, etc. This review highlights current advancements in the self-assembly of BCPs forming nanostructures within green designer solvent media like ILs and DESs. Additionally, it also gives an overview of applications of ILs, DESs, and external stimuli-responsive BCP within ILs and DESs, as drug delivery vehicles. This review will further enhance the potential utility of these unique materials (so-called designer solvents) and will help researchers design novel ILs and DESs for suitable applications including polymer science, nanoscience, pharmaceutics, drug delivery, etc. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Impact of Winter Season and Other Contributory Variables on Estimation of Time Since Death using Livor and Rigor Mortis in Varanasi Region
(Red Flower Publication Pvt. Ltd, 2023) Jyotsana Singh; Ambrish Kumar; Ramkrishna Mishra; Surendra Kumar Pandey
Background: A significant question in forensic casework is the estimation of time since death (TSD) in the early post-mortem phase. Muscles undergo a condition of rigor mortis following death, accompanied by post-mortem consumption of adenosine triphosphate. Lividity is a dark purple coloration of the skin induced by blood accumulating in the affected area. Environmental factors play a crucial part in the determination of TSD using different parameters through various methods. Aims: The purpose of this study is assessment of TSD and effect of contributory variables on existence of rigor mortis and fixation of lividity in cadavers kept at room temperature during winter season in Varanasi region. Settings and Design: This is a prospective and observational study. Material and Methods: 102 cadavers escorted for medicolegal autopsy at the mortuary of the Department of Forensic Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi for the duration of consecutive two years in winter season from December 2019 - February 2020 and November 2020 - February 2021. Result: All the cases were studied for rigor mortis and found an average post-mortem interval of 18.67 ± 9.43 hrs. Post-mortem lividity was found to be not fixed in 21 (20.59%) cases before 10 hrs, while 76 (74.51%) cases of lividity had already been fixed after 10 hrs and 5 (4.9%) cases of lividity were found to be not observable. Conclusion: Livor and rigor mortis have minimal predictive potential due to the effect of different contributory variables on the development of rigor and fixation of lividity. © Red Flower Publication Pvt. Ltd.
Interaction between antidepressant drug trazodone with double-stranded DNA: Multi-spectroscopic and computational analysis
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Ambrish Kumar; Moumita Saha; Juhi Saraswat; Kamalakanta Behera; Shruti Trivedi
Trazodone (TZD) is an antidepressant drug used to treat major depressive and sleeping disorders. Elevated doses of trazodone are associated with central nervous system depression, which manifests as nausea, drowsiness, confusion, vertigo, exhaustion, etc. To develop a clinically viable active pharmaceutical compound with minimal adverse effects, it is imperative to possess a comprehensive knowledge of the drug's action mechanism on DNA. Hence, we investigate the mode of interaction between trazodone and DNA utilizing various spectroscopic and computational techniques. Studies using UV–vis titration showed that the DNA and trazodone have an effective interaction. The magnitude of the Stern-Volmer constant (KSV) has been calculated to be 5.84 × 106 M−1 by the Lehrer equation from a steady-state fluorescence study. UV–vis absorption, DNA melting, dye displacement, and circular dichroism studies suggested that trazodone binds with DNA in minor grooves. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation demonstrated that the TZD-DNA system was stable, and the mode of binding was minor groove. Furthermore, ionic strength investigation demonstrates that DNA and trazodone do not have a substantial electrostatic binding interaction. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Ionic Liquids as Green Sustainable Materials in Textiles
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Moumita Saha; Farooq Ahmad Wani; Manoj Kumar Banjare; Ambrish Kumar; Ritik Vishwakarma; Kamalakanta Behera; Shruti Trivedi
Textile industry is one of the major pollution causing sector which needs totally an eco-friendly process instead of traditional ones. From harvesting crops or synthesizing fibers which requires very large quantities of water with extreme chemicals, to discarded fabrics causing environmental damages, textile industry requires a complete green processing method. Green solvent like ionic liquids (ILs) are emerging as a new substitute in the textile engineering processes. ILs are formed by mainly organic cations and organic/inorganic anions having many attractive physicochemical properties like high conductivity, low vapor pressure, good thermal stability etc. Here, we have discussed how ILs can be involved in textile processing like coloring of fabric or introducing novel properties, and pollution control. Thus, great efforts are being made worldwide to show a cleaner production structure to decline the toxicity and environmental threat of textile chemicals. Ultimately the goal is to increases sustainability and provides an opportunity to make novel generations of textile processes and also produce high-valued innovative textiles for greater purpose. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
MXene-based hybrid nanostructures for sensing application: Fundamental and state-of-art
(Elsevier, 2024) Ritik Vishwakarma; Ambrish Kumar; Moumita Saha; Bhawna; Kamalakanta Behera; Shruti Trivedi
MXenes have emerged as a cutting-edge class of materials with exceptional sensing capabilities, positioning them at the forefront of sensing technology. They exhibit remarkable properties that enable them to be used as sensing materials. These two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides, derived from layered MAX phases which was itself a very large family making MXenes even larger family. MXenes have emerged as state-of-the-art sensing materials due to their unique combination of properties, including high surface area, high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable surface chemistry, excellent electrical conductivity, high optical transmittivity, mechanical flexibility, and electrochemical activity which enables efficient interactions with analytes. The abundant Tx on the MXene surface, such as -OH, -O, and -F terminations, enhances the material's sensitivity to detect a wide range of analytes including gases, biomolecules, and heavy metals. These MXene-based sensors offer a limit of detection up to 10-12 or lower concentration levels and high selectivity for their target analytes is very high even in the many interfering analytes in the sample. These sensors can be tuned according to the need. In this chapter, we have highlighted about sensing applications of MXene-based hybrid nanostructures. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MXenes in photothermal therapy
(Elsevier, 2024) Moumita Saha; Ambrish Kumar; Akhil P. Singh; Vaishali Khokhar; Shruti Trivedi; Kamalakanta Behera
The photothermal effect is the phenomenon where electromagnetic radiation is used to produce heat energy to treat various medical problems mainly cancer. Treatment of cancer using the photothermal effect is called photothermal therapy (PTT). PTT is a much safer and specific treatment in comparison to chemotherapy with minimal side effects. Recently, various treatments are being coupled with PTT to improve outcomes. The mechanism of cell death via hypoxia, photothermal conversion of light to heat in MXene, the superiority of MXenes above other photothermal agents, and recent progress in the use of MXene as a photothermal agent in the treatment of cancer and combination with other anticancer therapies are discussed in this chapter. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Self-Assembled Nanostructures within Ionic Liquids-based Media
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Jyoti Dhariwal; Gaurav Choudhary; Dipti Vaya; Srikanta Sahu; Manish Shandilya; Poonam Kaswan; Ambrish Kumar; Shruti Trivedi; Manoj K. Banjare; Kamalakanta Behera
Ionic liquids (ILs) have shown immense potential as suitable alternatives to environmentally damaging volatile organic solvents (VOS). These unique materials possess very unusual physicochemical properties, such as low melting point, high boiling point, excellent thermal and chemical stability, large electrochemical window, very low volatility and high conductivity. One of the most important features associated with ILs is that their physicochemical properties, like viscosity, density, hydrophobicity, solubility, polarity, etc., can be effectively tuned for desired applications just by tuning the structures of cations and/or anions. Further, these designer solvents show dual behavior, i.e., electrolytes and solvents. In the last two decades, these unique materials have shown tremendous application potential in various interdisciplinary research areas, such as synthesis, catalysis, separation, extraction, nanoscience, and pharmaceutics, among many others. Further, the formation of surfactant self-assembled nanostructures (micelles and microemulsions (ME)) within ionic liquid-based systems of immense importance due to the vast utility of these nanostructures well as ILs in various fields of science and technology. These microheterogeneous systems can be effectively used as greener alternatives to those environmentally harmful volatile organic solvents which are largely used for academic and industrial research purposes. The IL-based self-assembled nanostructures show major advantages due to their affinity to solubilize many chemical and biochemical solutes (both hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic), thereby expanding their potential application as solubilizing media, media for synthesis, catalysis and biocatalysis, separation and extraction, drug delivery vehicles, and media for biochemical stability (e.g., protein and enzyme stability). This book chapter will highlight the formation and utility of various types of self-assembled nanostructures formed by surfactants, polymers, etc., within Ils-based media. © 2023, Bentham Books imprint.
Unusual aggregation behavior of porphyrin dye tetrakis (4- sulfonatophenylporphyrin) within aqueous deep eutectic solvents
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Moumita Saha; Ambrish Kumar; Ritik Vishwakarma; Siddharth Pandey; Kamalakanta Behera; Shruti Trivedi
Aggregation behavior and photophysics of an anionic porphyrin dye named tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) was studied first time in four different choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) i.e., reline, ethaline, glyceline, and maline. In three DESs (reline, ethaline, and glyceline), TPPS mainly remains in monomer form with minute J-aggregates. However, in fourth DES maline, a completely different behavior was observed where TPPS formed extended J- and H-aggregates. Further, effect of change in pH and role of water as additive was assessed through UV–vis molecular absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. It is important to note that pH change showed no effect on TPPS spectra in maline, whereas, addition of water was found to disrupt both J- and H- aggregates. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.