Browsing by Author "Anand K. Chaudhary"

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Advancement in sandhana kalpana and role of biotechnology: Need of research for diabetic patients
(BRNSS Publication Hub, 2018) Shruti Pandey; Anand K. Chaudhary
The diabetic population of India is increasing day by day. At the meantime, diabetic patients also adopt ayurvedic treatment for their other chronic ailments. Sandhana Kalpana, which deals with hydroalcoholic oral dosage form, has a number of formulations for various ailments in ayurvedic treasures. However, ayurvedic practitioners failed to prescribe this dosage form to the diabetic patients because of more percentage of sugar content in asava-arishta. Hence, there is need to replace jaggery from other carbohydrate sources, namely, starch and cellulosic material which produce less sugar percentage in asava-arista. As Saccharomyces cerevisiae directly ferment the sugar molecule into alcohol, but starchy and cellulosic feedstocks required specific treatment, before the fermentation process. Different researchers have been done which revealed that uses of engineered strains are helpful in direct production of alcohol. Therefore, it is required to change the feedstock and, respectively, the strain of yeast. Schwanniomyces castellii and Endomycopsis fibuligera are some of the available strains of yeast which when used with can transform the starch directly into alcohol. Further, researchers are needed to manufacture asava-arishta from these first and second generation feedstocks with the care that therapeutic value should not to be altered. © 2018 BRNSS Publication Hub. All rights reserved.
Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Ricinus communis Linn.: Evidence from Pharmacology to Clinical Studies
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Rashmi Gupta; Anand K. Chaudhary; Rohit Sharma
Purpose of Review: Ricinus communis Linn. is a rapidly growing perennial herb (aka Eranda or castor plant) that has long been used to cure a range of ailments in traditional medicine. An extensive search on its ethnomedicinal, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential is completed by meticulously examining information retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Embase, and Infrastructure databases. Recent Findings: The plant has yielded beneficial chemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, sterols, and fatty acids. Several reports are available on the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antiasthmatic, antifertility, antihistaminic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant, and various other biological roles of the crude herb and its metabolites. This review comprehensively discusses the biopotential of R. communis in pain and inflammation, as evident from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data, as well as safety and toxicity concerns, various market formulations, and drug-drug interactions. R. communis shows potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity possibly by NF-kB, Nrf2, RAF/ERK, Fas receptor, and caspase-mediate apoptosis and Wnt signalling pathways. Summary: R. communis is widely distributed globally and is rich in bioactive phytoconstituents with multifaceted therapeutic roles. It modulates numerous inflammatory and biochemical markers and highlights its potential in the management of nociception and inflammation. These findings could pave the way for the identification and developing more effective strategies to combat nociception and inflammatory disorders. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Ayurvedic pharmacology and herbal medicine
(Medknow Publications, 2015) Vinamra Sharma; Anand K. Chaudhary
Ayurveda, a science of well-being with its unique approaches of social and spiritual life is in practice since centuries in the Indian sub-continent. Approximately, five decades have been passed when it is getting global attention for health benefits of community with its basic principles of healing. New terminology like herbal medicines appeared in contemporary era with a little bit difference at the level of pharmaceutics, but therapeutics is almost same. In this review paper, we have tried to understand the effective mechanism of herbal medicines with ancient Ayurvedic terminology and its correlation with the contemporary researches. Therefore, we have selected some commonly used herbal drugs such as Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.) (Amalaki), Commiphora wightii (Arn.), Bhand (Commiphora mukul) (Guggulu), and one herbo-mineral drug Black Bitumen, or Mineral Pitch (Shilajit) for explanations of thrust and theme of the title. Our methodology to get data is just by referring relevant literature from the ancient Samhita (Charaka Samhita onward) period to contemporary peer-reviewed published papers in journals of repute. Experimental and clinical studies and practices of Amalaki, Guggulu, and Shilajit validated classical claims of the therapeutic effect of these drugs. There is the probability that ancient Ayurvedic pharmacology is at par to express genuineness of herbal medicines.
Characterization and comparative physico-chemical studies of Manahshila (traditionally used arsenic mineral) and the corresponding polymorphs of realgar (As4S4)
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2017) Vinamra Sharma; Amiya K. Samal; Anand K. Chaudhary; Rajesh K. Srivastava
This communication presents characterization and comparison of the physico-chemical properties of different varieties of Manahshila with the corresponding polymorphs of realgar. Three varieties of Manahshila have been described in Ayurveda, viz. Shyamangi, Kanavirak and Khandakhya; the last two are acceptable therapeutically. Khandakhya contains high percentage of arsenic than Kanavirak. In this study, both samples of Manahshila have been collected. Their physical and chemical properties have been correlated with the polymorphs of realgar. XRD study classifies Kanavirak as alacranite and Khandakhya as realgar. EDXA study confirms 51.33% and 68.14% of arsenic in alacranite and realgar samples respectively. This work correlates the ancient description of Manahshila with contemporary mineralogical classification (polymorphs) of mineral realgar.
Characterization of Hg-based ayurvedic drug Kajjali: Classical and contemporary approaches
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2018) Vinamra Sharma; Amiya K. Samal; Shruti Pandey; Anand K. Chaudhary; Rajesh K. Srivastava
This communication presents characterization of Kajjali, a mercury (Hg) based Indian traditional ayurvedic drug, by both ancient and contemporary methodology. For preparation of Kajjali, 225 g each of Shuddha Parada (purified mercury) and Shuddha Gandhak (purified sulphur), initially purified through traditional methods of purification as described in ayurvedic literature, were manually triturated using stone mortar and pestle until it became a very fine black coloured powder. This preparation process took up to ~78 h. Thereafter, Kajjali was characterized by classical and contemporary methods. Kajjali passed the classical tests like Rekhapurnatwa, Slakshanatwa, Nishchandratwa and Varitara. XRD study confirmed that Kajjali contains mercury sulphide (HgS), identified as metacinnabar (cubic form of HgS), in addition to free sulphur. Composition of Kajjali has been determined by EDXA method, which validated the presence of 88.84% mercury and 11.16% sulphur. SEM studies substantiated particle size distribution of Kajjali, which varied from 60 nm to 2 μm range. Such integration of classical and contemporary studies is important, because such vital medicines should be characterized properly for safety and efficacy before their appropriate use for diseases. © 2018, Current Science Association.
Classical and contemporary methods for conversion of toxic unstable mercury to safe and stable mercury
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2016) Kapil Deo Yadav; Anand K. Chaudhary
Different nations of world are trying to eradicate use of mercury from the world because of its harmful effect on ecosystem that ultimately affect on human and wildlife, but there is problem of disposal because of its liquid nature. For this purpose various processing technologies were developed to convert it in to compound formulations which are stable at normal temperature and pressures as well as non-toxic in nature. In this sequence different technologies were developed by ancient and contemporary researchers for physical and chemical stabilization of mercury. Physical stabilization is done by amalgamation process that converts mercury in to solid form and less toxic in comparison to liquid mercury. This physical stabilization methodology is closely resembles Parad Bandh which is quoted in classical literature of Rasa Shastra. In chemical stabilization, mercury is converted in to non toxic compound mainly by chemical reaction with sulphur by Mayasa and DELA technology and resulting in formation of black and red colour mercury sulphide. These technologies are quite comparable to pharmaceutical technology of Parpati and Kupi pakwa developed by ancient researchers of Ayurveda. And these preparations are indicated for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and disorders starting from acute disorders to chronic nature. In this way we can say that contemporary science can develop stabilization technology of mercury only for mercury disposal while Ayurvedic researchers developed expertise to convert these disposed mercury for the benefit of humanity since 12th century. © 2016, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
Dose finding study of sahaj vati (Comprised of Shilajeet, Haridra, Guggul and Chitrak) in validated animal model of obesity
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2018) Kapil Deo Yadav; Amit Singh; Anand K. Chaudhary
Efficacy of Sahaj Vati containing Shilajeet, Guggul, Haridra and Chitrak has been evaluated at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight after screening the appropriate diet induced obesity model (monosodium glutamate and cafeteria diet induced). It has been observed that both monosodium glutamate and cafeteria diet increases body weight but cafeteria diet also causes dyslipidemia. At the dose of 400 mg/kg, body weight of animal was significantly decreased with increased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides and insignificant decrease of body weight occurs at dose of 100 mg/kg along with increased triglycerides. At the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight was significantly decreased along with the significant increase of high-density lipoprotein and insignificant decrease in very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. On the basis of present finding we conclude that monosodium glutamate is more suitable for induction of obesity whereas cafeteria diet for obesity associated with dyslipidemia and Sahaj Vati at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight is more appropriate for reduction of body weight. © 2018, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of three dosages forms of Guduchi (Tinospora Cordifolia) on experimental animal model of forced swim test
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2020) Shilpa G. Patil; Anand K. Chaudhary
In the field of psychopharmacology many of Ayurvedic dosage forms are being researched for their antidepressant effect. Guduchi is a well-known Medhya Rasayan well explained in Ayurveda classics. Aim:To evaluate the antidepressant effect of three dosages forms of Guduchi (Guduchi Satva, Ghana and Churna) using behavioral despair test in depression. Settings and Design: Comparative preclinical study. Materials and Methods: Guduchi Satva, Ghana andChurna was prepared using standard operating procedure, physicochemically analyzed and assessed. Forced Swim Test (FST) model with Charles-Foster albino rats were used to assess antidepressant activity.Adult Charles-Foster albino rats of either sex divided into five groups which were given carboxymethyl cellulose 0.1%, imipramine 10mg/kg (standard antidepressant), Guduchi Satva 112.5mg/kg, Ghana 45mg/kg and Churna 180mg/kg, respectively, for 21 days. Statistical Analysis:A statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA test followed by Tucky and Kramer multiple comparison tests using Graph Pad Prism 6. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Result and Conclusion:Guduchi Satva and Ghana significantly reversed the sub-acute stress-induced alterations in behavioral parameters FST. Guduchi Satva and Ghana as compared to Guduchi Churna found to be having antidepressant activity in experimental animals in reduction of duration of immobility. Thus, these formulations can be used in prevention and treatment of depression. © 2020 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of different dosage forms of the Guduchi
(Medknow Publications, 2015) Shilpa Patil; Anshuman Trigunayat; Anand K. Chaudhary
Background: In the field of psychopharmacology many of ayurvedic dosage forms are being researched for their anxiolytic and antidepressant effect. Guduchi is a well-known Medhya Rasayan well explained in Ayurveda classics. Aim: To evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of three dosages forms of Guduchi (Guduchi Satva, Ghana and Churna) using open field test, elevated plus maze test in anxiety and behavioral despair test in depression. Materials and Methods: Adult Charles-Foster albino rats of either sex divided into five groups which were given carboxymethyl cellulose, lorazepam 1 mg/kg (standard anxiolytic) imipramine 10 mg/kg (standard antidepressant), Guduchi Satva 112.5 mg/kg, Ghana 45 mg/kg and Churna 180 mg/kg, respectively, for 22 days. Statistical Analysis: A statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA test followed by Tucky and Kramer multiple comparison tests using Graph Pad Prism 6. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Result and Conclusion: Guduchi Satva and Ghana significantly reversed the sub-acute stress-induced alterations in behavioral parameters in all the tests. Guduchi Satva and Ghana as compared to Guduchi Churna found to be having anxiolytic and antidepressant activity in experimental animals in behavioral parameters such as rearing, grooming, and immobility period. Thus, these formulations can be used in prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression.
Is mercury really toxic? The way forward for its judicious medicinal applications based on the therapeutic doctrines of Ayurveda
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2018) Kapil Deo Yadav; Anand K. Chaudhary
Mercury-based formulations have been extensively used in Indian and Chinese systems of medicine with high therapeutic index. However, at present mercury is considered as a global pollutant having potent neurotoxic effects. Also, it has been proposed to ban the export, import and manufacture of a range of products containing mercury from 2021. This situation compels one to ponder how mercury-based formulations were safe during ancient times, but are now considered to be toxic. Naturally mercury occurs in three forms, viz. elemental (Hg), inorganic (HgS, HgCl2) and organic (MeHg). Organic mercury is completely absorbed by gastrointestinal tract, and elemental mercury is 75-80% absorbed by the lungs only in vapour state, while 10% of inorganic mercury is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, organic mercury crosses the blood brain barrier and placenta, producing neurotoxic symptoms and foetal toxicity. In Ayurvedic science, mercury is converted only into inorganic form with special stabilization technology and this stabilized mercury is converted to mercuric polysulphides under gastrointestinal conditions, whereas elemental mercury is converted to organic form by specific bacteria. Thus mercury available in the atmosphere is converted into organic form that is highly toxic, while using Ayurvedic methods it is converted to inorganic form having potent therapeutic activity. Judicious and injudicious application of mercury has advantageous and disadvantageous effect respectively. © 2018, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Mugdha Rasa an ayurvedic proprietary medicine to treat acne vulgaris
(BRNSS Publication Hub, 2017) Vandana Meena; Shakti Bhushan; Anand K. Chaudhary
Background: Acne is the disease which agitates the face during the primary phase of life, and if deserted or mistreated might give scar for lifetime, ayurvedic treatment for acne vulgaris has much to offer but lacks in standardization of products. After an investigative search of classics and contemporary science regarding various herbs and minerals, a formulation was selected keeping in the view of attractive hypnotizing behavior of the facial beauty and was named Mugdha Rasa. Objectives: In this study, an attempt was made to standardize Mugdha Rasa on the basis of its classical parameters along with contemporary parameters. Settings and Designs: The formulation contains following ingredients, i.e., Shankha Bhasma, Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus), Nimba (Azadirachta indica), and Haridra (Curcuma longa) in the ratio 1:4:4:2:2. Initially, Bhavana of Kumari swarasa was given followed by Tulsi swarasa and lastly with Kumari swarasa, to maintain the standard operative procedure. Materials and Methods: Final formulation was analyzed on the parameters of organoleptic characterization and physicochemical analysis. It was further evaluated for microbial limit tests which include tests for total viable count (bacteria and fungi). Results: Mugdha Rasa possessed the reddish brown in color, smooth, and soft on touch with Tikta, Kashaya Rasa and with some non-specific smell. In terms of physicochemical analysis, it was evident that the parameters were within the permissible limits. pH of Mugdha Rasa was 8.88 indicating its compatibility with human skin. The results of total microbial count reported that it is safe for use. © 2014 International Journal of Green Pharmacy.
Shalmali (Bombax ceiba): Versatility in its therapeutics
(BRNSS Publication Hub, 2017) Vandana Meena; Anand K. Chaudhary
The medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various diseases in their day-To-day practice. Shalmali is a well-known plant used in the traditional system for treatment of many diseases. The therapeutic activity of Shalmali is partly due to the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, sesquiterpenoids, shamimicin, bombamalosides, bombamalones, bombasin, bombasin 4-o-glucoside, and bombalin. In the present review, efforts have been made to recapitulate different aspects of scientific studies on the Shalmali such as ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and mainly the pharmacological activities. In vitro and in vivo studies, for various pharmacological activities of the Shalmali, for example, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunemodulatory, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic, and analgesic have been demonstrated.
Therapeutic uses of Vanga bhasma: A critical review
(International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 2014) Himangshu Baruah; Rehana Parveen; Anand K. Chaudhary
Ayurveda, with its overarching approach to life and well-being, has always been an integral part of this civilization. The invention of Rasa Shastra (Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics) established specific and appropriate dosage forms of metals and minerals known as bhasma that is very much absorbable and assimilable into the human body. Vanga bhasma is widely-used in various herbo-metal formulation of Ayurveda, indicated specially for diseases of gastrointestinal tract and genitor urinary system, such as Prameha, Krimi, Pandu, Mutrakriccha, Sweta pradar, Rakta pradar, Agnimandya, Vrana, Aruchi and Swapnadosha. It is used appropriately either as a single drug or in formulation with other medicines, depending on the patient, the ability to digest herbo-metallic medicines, other disease states in the body, and a variety of clinical factors that ensure safety and efficacy of its use. In indexed journal of Ayurveda research paper revealing many properties of Vanga bhasma which has already been quoted in rasa classics. Research to support the classic literature has shown excellent results of Vanga bhasma in genitourinary disorders such as the capacity of testicular regeneration, diabetes, anemia, asthma and gastric ulcers.
Unexplored therapeutic treasure of Himalayan sea buckthorn berry: An opportunity for rejuvenation applications in Ayurveda
(BRNSS Publication Hub, 2016) Shilpa G. Patil; Anand K. Chaudhary
Ayurveda captured almost all herbs in its indications for therapeutics from the period of Vadas. More than 700 plants are discussed elaborately in various classics of Ayurveda of different periods. However, it seems that here is a missing link about sea buckthorn alias Amleech (Hippophae rhamnoides family Elaeagnaceae). This review article is all about morphological characteristic, properties, active constituents, therapeutic spectrum, cosmetic value, nutraceutical value of the plant and its uses for the well-being of humanity. Our objectives are to make this plant beneficial to all humanity as per doctrines of Ayurveda pharmaceutics and therapeutics. We had have searched the available research papers, textbooks, and reference books and summarizes the results related to various properties of sea buckthorn and also emphasizes the aspects that warrant future research in India establishing its activity and utility in preventing diseases related to skin, liver, gastrointestinal, and even cancer. Contemporary researches are indicatives of its various therapeutic properties due to its constituent chemistry such as flavonoids, carotenoides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins , minerals, Omega 3, 6, 9 and rarest Omega 7 and about 190 bioactive compounds. We can expect many scientific evidence supporting the benefits of the sea buckthorn to maintain health and to cure the diseases by rationalizing it in proper Ayurvedic dosages form for this plant. © 2016 BRNSS Publication Hub. All rights reserved.