Browsing by Author "Anand Prakash"

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A highly sensitive naphthaoxazole-based cell-permeable ratiometric chemodosimeter for hydrazine
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Shweta; Ajit Kumar; Neeraj; Sharad Kumar Asthana; Anand Prakash; Jagat Kumar Roy; Ida Tiwari; K.K. Upadhyay
The environmental toxicity, detonable characteristics and widespread usage of hydrazine in industrial activities, coupled with the fact that it is a leading candidate as a hydrogen reservoir, mean that selective methods for the detection of trace levels of hydrazine are much needed. We report herein a ratiometric chemodosimeter (P1) for the highly efficient detection of hydrazine at a lowest level of 1.79 × 10-9 M. The P1 probe was designed by the judicious anchoring of a naphthaoxazole skeleton to malononitrile. The same chemodosimeter also enables the bioimaging of hydrazine in live cells. The performance of P1 was tested in the form of test paper strips, as well as in the solid state for the identification of hydrazine vapours. The sensing mechanism was established through spectroscopic techniques and was further fortified through theoretical calculations using density functional theory. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
A multifunctional V-shape bis-hydrazone: Characterization, supramolecular architechtures, AIEE, recognition of cations (Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ ) and anions (HPO 4 2- and CN-), mechanochromism, computational and cell imaging studies
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Kamini Tripathi; Alok Kumar Singh; Avinash Kumar Sonkar; Anand Prakash; Jagat Kumar Roy; Lallan Mishra
A new bis-hydrazone (PYDS) obtained by the condensation of pyridine 2,6-di carbohydrazide with 4-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde in methanol, has been fully characterized using various physicochemical techniques, finally supported by its single crystal X-ray crystallography. X-ray analysis provides novel supramolecular architectures using π-π stacking and H-bonding interactions. It shows aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) in DMF: H 2 O (50:50,v/v) and results the formation of nanoaggregates of 356 nm. These aggregates are characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM and DLS techniques. PYDS detects Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ions in DMF: H 2 O (7:3, v/v) and displays a turn-on response in absorbance with a high degree of selectivity against common interfering cations. The Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ions are also detected via chelation enhanced quenching (CHEQ) and chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) processes respectively. DFT and TD-DFT calculations support the experimental results. PYDS enables the visualization of Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ in SiHa cell lines and it also quantify their detection in real water samples with a high precision and good accuracy. The PYDS-Zn 2+ and PYDS-Cu 2+ ensembles act as secondary sensors for HPO 4 2− and CN- anions respectively. The reversible changes in crystalline and amorphous structures of PYDS on applying a mechanical stress has been exploited in the construction of binary memory states. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
A seismic study to investigate the prospect of gas hydrate in Mahanadi deep water basin, northeastern continental margin of India
(2010) Anand Prakash; B.G. Samanta; N.P. Singh
The presence of gas hydrates, one of the new alternative energy resources for the future, along the Indian continental margins has been inferred mainly from bottom simulating reflectors (BSR) and the gas stability zone thickness mapping. Gas hydrate reserves in Krishna Godawari Basin have been established with the help of gas-hydrate related proxies inferred from multidisciplinary investigations. In the present study, an analysis of 3D seismic data of nearly 3,420 km2 area of Mahanadi deep water basin was performed in search of seismic proxies related with the existence of natural gas hydrate in the region. Analysis depicts the presence of BSR-like features over a large areal extent of nearly 250 km2 in the central western part of the basin, which exhibit all characteristics of a classical BSR associated with gas hydrate accumulation in a region. The observed BSR is present in a specific area restricted to a structural low at the Neogene level. The coherency inversion of pre-stack time migration (PSTM) gathers shows definite inversion of interval velocity across the BSR interface which indicates hydrate bearing sediments overlying the free gas bearing sediments. The amplitude versus offset analysis of PSTM gathers shows increase of amplitude with offset, a common trend as observed in BSR associated with gas hydrate accumulation. Results suggest the possibility of gas hydrate accumulation in the central part of the basin specifically in the area of structural low at the Neogene level. These results would serve as preliminary information for selecting prospective gas hydrate accumulation areas for further integrated or individual study from geophysical, geological, geochemical and microbiological perspectives for confirmation of gas hydrate reserves in the area. Further, on the basis of these results it is envisaged that biogenic gas might have been generated in the region which under suitable temperature and pressure conditions might have been transformed into the gas hydrates, and therefore, an integrated study comprising geophysical, geological, geochemical and microbiological data is suggested to establish the gas hydrate reserves in Mahanadi deep water basin. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
A selective hydrolytic and restructuring approach through a Schiff base design on a coumarin platform for “turn-on” fluorogenic sensing of Zn 2+
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019) Abha Pandey; Sharad Kumar Asthana; Anand Prakash; Jagat Kumar Roy; Ida Tiwari; K.K. Upadhyay
A new Schiff base, CMD, designed based on a coumarin platform was synthesized and fully characterized through single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. CMD underwent selective Zn 2+ -triggered hydrolysis in ethanolic medium followed by restructuring of its fragments, resulting in a “turn-on” green fluorogenic response. This response was confirmed through various physico-chemical measurements along with single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. This selective hydrolytic fluorogenic event was exploited for the successful optical detection and live cell imaging of Zn 2+ in SiHa cells. The above restructured products were characterized as two new Schiff bases, viz.CM and NSA, of which NSA was highly fluorescent (green). Hence, the formation of this green fluorogenic product accounted for the above fluorogenic “turn-on” sensing of Zn 2+ with a sub-nanomolar detection limit. Spectroscopic evidence along with mass determinations indicated that the Zn-CMD ensemble took the form of CM-Zn-CM in solution, supporting our above proposal of hydrolysis and restructuring. However, the X-ray diffraction studies of the Zn-CMD ensemble further revealed it to consist of NSA and CM-Zn-CM′, where CM′ is yet another new Schiff base formed in situ during the process of developing single crystals. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.
A smart switchable module for the detection of multiple ions: Via turn-on dual-optical readout and their cell imaging studies
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Abhishek Rai; Alok Kumar Singh; Avinash Kumar Sonkar; Anand Prakash; Jagat Kumar Roy; Rajamani Nagarajan; Lallan Mishra
A module switchable as a function of multi-stimuli response has been designed. The module displays sequential logic gate-based detection of multiple ions (Fe3+, Hg2+, CN- and S2-) at ppm levels via a "turn on" signature which potentially meets real-world-challenges through a simple synthetic route, a fast response, water based-activity, naked-eye visualization, regenerative-action, high selectivity and multiple readout for precise analysis. Living cell imaging of Fe3+ and Hg2+ has also been carried out in HeLa cell lines. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Auxins biosynthesis for hormone crosstalk and plant development
(Elsevier, 2023) Sashi Sonkar; Akhilesh Kumar Singh; Saurabh Singh Rathore; Brijesh Pandey; Anand Prakash; Rishi Kumar Singh; Azamal Husen
Auxins are a class of compounds showing lower molecular weight with growth-promoting properties. Auxin, which is mostly characterized by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is a phytohormone that regulates plant development and growth. Despite the fact that IAA was the first plant hormone discovered, the biosynthesis pathway has remained a mystery at the genetic level. Both the tryptophan (Trp)-independent and Trp-dependent routes for IAA production have been postulated. The Trp-dependent IAA production from tryptophan was proposed by four diverse ROUTES such as the indole-3-acetamide route, the indole-3-pyruvic acid route, the tryptamine route, and the indole-3-acetaldoxime route. However, several studies on auxin signal transduction, polar transport, and sensing have been conducted. However, auxin biosynthesis crosstalk has received too little attention. Therefore, this chapter presents a summary of recent developments in auxins biosynthesis for phytohormone crosstalk and plant development. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
BRN3A, a transcription factor, regulates the expression of genes involved in biological processes shaping the HPV induced cervical cancer
(Genetics Society of Korea, 2025) Anand Prakash; Yashvant Patel; Jagat Kumar Roy
Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide in females. This occurs primarily due to the infection of high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), although in advanced stages it requires support from host cellular factors. BRN3A is one such host cellular factors, whose expression remains high in cervical cancers and upregulates tumorigenic HPV gene expression. The effect of BRN3A on HPV-mediated cervical cancer and the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Objective: To investigates the effect of BRN3A on cancer-promoting biological processes in HPV-positive uterine cervix cancer cells. Methods: We have altered the expression of BRN3A through over-expression (OE) and knock-down (KD) constructs in cervical cancer cell line, SiHa, and did transcriptome profiling through next-generation RNA-sequencing, validation through RT-PCR and BRN3A binding study with in silico promoter study and ChIP PCR methods. Results: This study revealed a substantial change in the expression of several genes associated with cancer-promoting biological processes including viral processes, immune response, cell-death, cell-proliferation, different signaling pathways, etc. Additionally, promoter analysis through in silico mode revealed that a total of 32.7% of genes possess BRN3A binding sites at their promoters. Physical interaction of BRN3A with IFITM1, OAS3, ISG15, BCL2L1 and HSP90AB1 genes was also confirmed. Conclusions: The present study identified molecular targets of BRN3A and provided new insight into the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. According to our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect on eukaryotic transcriptomes after over-expression and knocking down BRN3A. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Genetics Society of Korea 2025.
Diversity of the Genus Gangamopteris McCoy in the Early Permian Sequences of Singrauli Coalfield, Son-Mahanadi Basin, India
(Palaeontological Society Of India, 2021) Anju Saxena; Suyash Gupta; Kamal Jeet Singh; Srikanta Murthy; Anand Prakash; P.K. Singh
The form genus Gangamopteris, with reticulate venation and midrib less lamina, is an important constituent of the Glossopteris flora and widely distributed in Indian Lower Gondwana sediments. Stratigraphically, its occurrence is generally restricted to the lower Permian sequences namely Talchir, Karharbari and Lower Barakar formations. Barring the sporadic occurrences of this genus in the Upper Barakar Formation, it is altogether absent from the Barren Measures Formation, however, a few occurrences of Gangamopteris have again been recognised in the Upper Permian Raniganj Formation. A diverse Glossopterid assemblage has been recorded from the coal bearing sequence of Block-B colliery, Singrauli Coalfield, belonging to the Barakar Formation. The assemblage includes Gangamopteris, Glossopteris, seeds and equisetalean axes. The genus Gangamopteris comprising five species, viz. G. angustifolia, G. cyclopteroides, G. karharbariensis, G. major and Gangamopteris sp. has been systematically described and discussed in the present study. Gangamopteris cyclopteroides has the maximum occurrence followed by Gangamopteris sp., G. major, G. angustifolia and G. karharbariensis. The leaves of all the Gangamopteris species are quite large and broad that pretend the existence of low light or the shady conditions in and around the vegetated area. The diverse occurrence of Gangamopteris in recovered plant assemblage indicates an Early Permian (Artinskian) age to the studied coal bearing sequence of Block-B colliery. A complete account depicting all the stratigraphical occurrences of various Gangamopteris species in Indian Gondwana has been provided. © 2021 Palaeontological Society Of India. All rights reserved.
Early permian macro and miofloral diversity from Singrauli coalfield, son-mahanadi Basin, India
(Palaeontological Society Of India, 2019) Anju Saxena; Kamal Jeet Singh; Srikanta Murthy; Anand Prakash; P.K. Singh
Mega and miofloral diversity of the coal bearing sequences of the Barakar Formation of the Block-B and Nigahi collieries, Singrauli Coalfield has been studied in detail to infer the palaeofloristics, age assessment and palaeoenvironment. A diverse glossopterid assemblage has been recorded from a sequence of Block B colliery, whereas from the Nigahi colliery no megafossil is reported. The assemblage comprises of Gangamopteris, Glossopteris and equisetalean axes. The genus Glossopteris dominates the assemblage and is represented by ten species, namely, G. arberi, G. communis, G. gigas, G. indica, G. longicaulis, G. mohudaensis, G. nautiyalii, G. raniganjensis, G. spatulata, and Glossopteris species. The genus Gangamopteris is represented by five species namely, G. angustifolia, G. cyclopteroides, G. karharbariensis, G. major and Gangamopteris sp. Interestingly, the procured fossil leaves of Glossopteris and Gangamopteris are fairly large and broad as evidenced by the abundance of Glossopteris gigas and Gangamopteris cyclopteroides species in the assemblage suggesting the existence of low light or the shady conditions in and around the vegetated area. The palynological study has revealed two palynoassemblages, Palynoassemblage I and Palynoassemblage II from the Barakar sediments of Block B and Nigahi collieries respectively. Both the assemblages reveals the dominance of non-striate bisaccate pollen grains Scheuringipollenites and sub dominance of striate bisaccate pollens Faunipollenites followed by Parasaccites, Plicatipollenites, Potonieisporites, Densipollenites, Divarisaccites, striate bisaccate pollen grains viz. Striatopodocarpites, Crescentipollenites and spore Rhizomaspora. The dominance of palynomorph Scheuringipollenites barakarensis suggests a late early Permian (Artinskian) age to the studied coal bearing sequences of Block-B and Nigahi collieries which is also substantiated by the diverse occurrence of Gangamopteris in the mega plant assemblage. © 2019 Palaeontological Society Of India. All rights reserved.
Ecofriendly fabrication of cobalt nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (neem) for effective inhibition of Candida-like fungal infection in medicated nano-coated textile
(Springer, 2024) Devsuni Singh; Prashansa Sharma; Suman Pant; Vivek Dave; Rekha Sharma; Rakesh Yadav; Anand Prakash; Arindam Kuila
This study involves the formulation of cobalt nanoparticles by means of ethanolic Azadirachta indica (neem) extract (CoNP@N). Later, the formulated buildup was incorporated into cotton fabric in order to mitigate antifungal infection. Optimization of the formulation was carried out by considering the effect of plant concentration, temperature, and revolutions per minute (rpm) used, through design of the experiment (DOE), response surface methodology (RSM), and ANOVA of the synthetic procedure. Hence, graph was potted with the aid of effecting parameters and the related factors (size of particle and zeta potential). Further characterization of nanoparticles was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) was considered for the detection of functional groups. The structural property of CoNP@N was calculated with the aid of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The surface property was measured with the use of a surface area analyzer (SAA). The values of Inhibition concentration (IC50) and zone of inhibition (ZOI), were calculated, so as to determine the antifungal property against both the strains (Candida albicans, MTCC 227and Aspergillus niger, MTCC 8652). The further nano-coated cloth was subjected to a durability test, and hence the cloth was washed (through the purpose of time 0; 10; 25; and 50 washing cycles), and then its anti-fungal operation to a couple of strains was retained. Primarily, 51 μg/ml of cobalt nanoparticles incorporated on the cloth was retained but after 50 washing cycles in 500 ml of purified water, the cloth showed more efficiency contrary to C. albicans than towards A. niger. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.
Evidence of gas hydrate accumulation and its resource estimation in Andaman deep water basin from seismic and well log data
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2013) Anand Prakash; B.G. Samanta; N.P. Singh
2D and 3D seismic reflection and well log data from Andaman deep water basin are analyzed to investigate geophysical evidence related to gas hydrate accumulation and saturation. Analysis of seismic data reveals the presence of a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) in the area showing all the characteristics of a classical BSR associated with gas hydrate accumulation. Double BSRs are also observed on some seismic sections of area (Area B) that suggest substantial changes in pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions in the past. The manifestation of changes in P-T conditions can also be marked by the varying gas hydrate stability zone thickness (200-650 m) in the area. The 3D seismic data of Area B located in the ponded fill, west of Alcock Rise has been pre-stack depth migrated. A significant velocity inversion across the BSR (1,950-1,650 m/s) has been observed on the velocity model obtained from pre-stack depth migration. The areas with low velocity of the order of 1,450 m/s below the BSR and high amplitudes indicate presence of dissociated or free gas beneath the hydrate layer. The amplitude variation with offset analysis of BSR depicts increase in amplitude with offset, a similar trend as observed for the BSR associated with the gas hydrate accumulations. The presence of gas hydrate shown by logging results from a drilled well for hydrocarbon exploration in Area B, where gas hydrate deposit was predicted from seismic evidence, validate our findings. The base of the hydrate layer derived from the resistivity and acoustic transit-time logs is in agreement with the depth of hydrate layer interpreted from the pre-stack depth migrated seismic section. The resistivity and acoustic transit-time logs indicate 30-m-thick hydrate layer at the depth interval of 1,865-1,895 m with 30 % hydrate saturation. The total hydrate bound gas in Area B is estimated to be 1.8 × 1010 m3, which is comparable (by volume) to the reserves in major conventional gas fields. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Green synthesized cobalt nanoparticles from Trianthema portulacastrum L. as a novel antimicrobials and antioxidants
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Anand Prakash; Srija Sur; Vivek Dave; Prashansa Sharma; Suvadra Das; Partha Roy; Gurumurthy Hegde
Trianthema portulacastrum is a dietary and medicinal plant that has gained substantial importance due to its pharmacological properties. This plant was used for its various healing properties since the ancient period in ayurvedic system of medicine. The green synthesis technique is an eco-friendly as well as cost effective technique which can produce more biocompatible nanoparticles when compared with those fabricated by physio-chemical methods. Therefore, nanoparticles produced by green synthesis are credible alternatives to those which are produced by conventional synthesis techniques. This research mainly aims to produce nanoparticles with the methanolic leaf extract of T. portulacastrum. The optimized nanoparticles were further analyzed for anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and antioxidant properties. Disk diffusion assay was used for the determination of the antimicrobial property and on the other hand, DPPH radical scavenging assay as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity proved the antioxidant property of the formulation. The study revealed that Escherichia coli (gram negative strain) shows greater zone of inhibition when compared with Bacillus subtilis (gram positive bacteria). The nanoparticles have also been reported to show significant anti-fungal activity against the strains of Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum which proves its desirability for its further use against both bacterial as well as fungal infections. The novel formulation can be explored dually as antimicrobial and antioxidant agent. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Novel Variant Identified in the Enhancer Region of Host Transcription Factor, BRN3A, is a Significant Risk Factor for HPV-Induced Uterine Cervix Cancer
(Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2022) Anand Prakash; Biswa Pratim Das Purkayastha; Shikha Srivastava; Sunanda Chaturvedi; Akhtar Ali; Dau Dayal Aggarwal; Jagat Kumar Roy
Among the HPV-mediated cervical cancers, cellular factor BRN3A has gained considerable attention due to its role in promoting an anti-apoptotic cellular environment and in facilitating epitheliotropic transformations of the host. The majority of previous studies looked at BRN3A's molecular characteristics; however, the possibility of genetic variations in BRN3A's autoregulatory region in relation to cervical cancer risk has been underestimated until now. In a retrospective study in the Eastern UP population, India, we detected genetic variations in the cisregulatory proximal enhancer region located around 5.6 kb upstream of transcription start site of BRN3A. Our analysis of PCR and DNA sequencing confirmed this novel SNP (BRN3A g.60163379A>G) within the auto-regulatory region of BRN3A. As compared to control subjects, cancer cases exhibited a 1.32-fold higher allele frequency (χ2 = 6.315, p = 0.012). In homozygous (GG) but not in heterozygous conditions, odds ratio (OR) analysis suggests a significant association of cancer risk with the SNP (OR = 2.60, p ≤ 0.004). We further confirmed using the functional analysis that this SNP increased the luciferase gene activity in HPV-positive cervical cancer SiHa cells that were exposed to progesterone. As a result of the association of polymorphisms in a noncoding region of an oncogene with increased cancer risks, we are suggesting that this genetic variation in non-coding region can be used in prediction, diagnosis, or predicting the progression of the disease. © The Author(s).
Potential roles of hormonal crosstalk in flower development or plant morphogenesis
(Elsevier, 2023) Sashi Sonkar; Anand Prakash; Brijesh Pandey; Saurabh Singh Rathore; Akhilesh Kumar Singh; Azamal Husen
The ABCE classes of homeotic genes partially describe the hereditary connections that control the aspects of floral organ commencement, growth, and design, but little is understood on how these genes’ abilities were transformed into various cellular growth and morphogenesis that are responsible for the establishment of flower organs with specific sizes and shapes at the cellular level. Phytohormones are the primary transmitters of genetic information, and it is relevant to examine some of these discoveries in light of current breakthroughs in comprehending phytohormone activity in flower development. A controlled equilibrium among meristem growth and synchronization, as well as organ commencement, results in flower development. Auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin govern the size of floral meristems, and auxin is important for organ initiation and development. The role of phytohormones in the formation of each organ is somewhat understood, with stamen development influenced by practically all phytohormones, petal development influenced by jasmonic acid, auxin, and gibberellins, and gynoecium development dominated by auxin. Furthermore, the links between phytohormones and hereditary sequences are being clarified, and locations of phytohormone interaction are now being identified because practically all phytohormone groups are engaged in floral development. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Retraction notice to: “A multifunctional V-shape bis-hydrazone: Characterization, supramolecular architechtures, AIEE, recognition of cations (Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ ) and anions (HPO 4 2- and CN-), mechanochromism, computational and cell imaging studies” (Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical (2017) 245 (386–394), (S0925400517301739), (10.1016/j.snb.2017.01.166))
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Kamini Tripathi; Alok Kumar Singh; Avinash Kumar Sonkar; Anand Prakash; Jagat Kumar Roy; Lallan Mishra
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor following concerns raised by a reader. The article uses several electron micrographs which have been used in other publications as well, denoting different samples. Fig. 1B is identical to Fig. 2A in Talanta vol 176, pp. 277-283 and Fig. 1A in Materials Letters vol. 195, pp. 131-135 while describing different samples. Fig. 1C appears to contain repeated particle clusters. Fig. 1D is identical to Fig. 2B in The Analyst, 2014, 139, 3398-3406 while describing different samples. Fig. 2 The overhang in the FT-IR spectra of carboxyl-modified CD2 at 1500 cm^-1 indicates that that the data has been manipulated. These problems with the data presented cast doubt on all the data, and accordingly also the conclusions based on that data, in this publication. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Retraction notice to: “A multifunctional V-Shape bis-hydrazone: Characterization, Supramolecular architechtures, AIEE, recognition of cations (Cu2+, Zn2+) and anions (HPO42- and CN-), mechanochromism, computational and cell imaging studies.” [Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical Volume 275, 1 December 2018, Pages 116-126](S0925400518314540)(10.1016/j.snb.2018.08.026)
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Kamini Tripathi; Alok Kumar Singh; Avinash Kumar Sonkar; Anand Prakash; Jagat Kumar Roy; Lallan Mishra
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors after an anonymous reader pointed out concern about the work. In Figure 4A and 4C duplicated particles were detected which the authors attributed to an accident. For Fig. 11 the authors provided the raw data but there is significant doubt that this data was used to prepare the figure as different samples show the same features in the images. For Fig. 10 and Fig. S33 the authors admitted the mistake of reusing the same panel. Given the deliberate readjustment of contrast and brightness, this appears to be an intentional action as reusing the same images should have led to the same results across the different percentages in Fig. S33. In Fig. 6 and Fig. S34 inconsistencies in the data have been raised which the authors failed to explain. After investigating and discussing these concerns with the authors, the Editors have reached the conclusion that the spread of fabricated data through the publication demonstrates an intent to modify the original data. The manipulation of images and data in this way casts doubts on all the data, and accordingly also the conclusions based on that data, in this publication. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis
(1998) Vinod K. Dixit; Anand Prakash; Anurag Gupta; M. Pandey; A. Gautam; Mohan Kumar; Vijay K. Shukla
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis exists in a small but significant proportion of routine cholecystectomy specimens. A few recent reports have shown a possible association of this disease with carcinoma of the gallbladder. All cholecystectomized specimens were prospectively evaluated over a period of two and half years in a single surgical unit to examine the incidence of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and its association, if any, with carcinoma of the gallbladder in an area that is prone to gallbladder diseases. A total of 460 cholecystectomies were performed for various gallbladder diseases. Histological confirmation revealed chronic cholecystitis in 311 (67.6%) cases, carcinoma of the gallbladder in 62 (13.5%), acute cholecystitis in 29 (6.3%), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis in 41 (8.9%), and xanthogranuloma and carcinoma of the gallbladder in one case (0.2%) only. Almost all cases were suspected to have chronic cholecystitis on clinical and ultrasonographic features. Two specimens on gross examination showed mass lesions, and hence were suspected to be carcinoma of the gallbladder. Subsequent frozen section and histopathology demonstrated xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Only one case of xanthogranuloma was found to be associated with carcinoma of the gallbladder but no firm association could be established between xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and carcinoma of the gallbladder.