Browsing by Author "Ashish"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Assessment of genetic and environmental risk factor association with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases
(Science and Engineering Research Support Society, 2020) Nitish Kumar Singh; Abhay Kumar Yadav; Manpreet Kaur; Ashish; Royana Singh
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a type of progressive neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons, resulting in a worsening weakness of voluntary muscles until death from respiratory failure occurs after about 3 to 5 years. Although highly significant mobility have been made in our understanding of the genetic causes of ALS, the contribution of environmental factors has been more challenging to assess. Extensive studies of the clinical patterns of ALS, individual family histories preceding the onset of ALS, and the rates of ALS in different populations and groups have led to improved patient care, but have not yet revealed a replicable, definitive environmental risk factor. In this review, we outline what is currently known of the environmental and genetic epidemiology of ALS, describe the current state of the art concerning the different types of ALS, and explore whether ALS should be considered a single disease or a syndrome. We examine the relationship between genetic and environmental risk factors and propose a disease model in which ALS is considered to be the result of environmental risks and time acting on a pre-existing genetic load, followed by an automatic, self-perpetuating decline to death. ⓒ 2019 SERSC.
Diagnostic and prognostic application of Raman spectroscopy in carcinoma cervix: A biomolecular approach
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Anju Shrivastava; Lalit Mohan Aggarwal; Chilakapati Murali Krishna; Satyajit Pradhan; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Sunil Choudhary; Chandan Bhai Patel; Saurav Singla; Ashish; Ranjan Kumar Singh
Blood serum samples from 63 cervical cancer patients and 30 controls were collected at three different phases of the treatment (i.e. before, during, and at follow up). The spectra of serum samples from control as well as patients were classified into different groups using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on different phases of treatment using R software. The spectra of blood serum samples have shown the distinct changes and differences compared with each other in the profile of various biochemical parameters. The sensitivity (92.5%) and specificity (85%) were observed maximum between control and cervical cancer patients (before treatment). Between different phases of treatment, the sensitivity and specificity were less but, all accuracies of detection and classification reached above 50%. This method can be considered as a screening method for detection and treatment monitoring. © 2020
Genetics Insights into Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Comprehensive Review
(Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, 2024) Shivani Mishra; Chetan Sahni; Sangeeta Rai; Ashish; Royana Singh
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) mainly occurs due to the disorders that cause intrauterine fetal demise or damage, such as fetal, maternal, and paternal chromosomal structural and numerical abnormalities. Approximately, 15–20% of all clinically recognized pregnancies result in the first trimester (before 20 weeks of gestational age) in spontaneous recurrent abortion. Besides all internal factors like Anatomical, immunological, and coagulation factors, genetic factors appear to be most associated with reproductive organ damage and multiple pregnancy loss. Some factors are unexplored as mentioned in the previous research articles, and there is an enormous need to research for establishing the proper etiology and prognosis. This review is all about the various factors responsible for RPL and is mainly focused on the genetic factors involving many unexplored genes associated with recurrent miscarriages. In this review, searched the articles with keywords that were published recently from various journal searches such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) platform. © The Author(s).
Pyruvate Kinase M2 and Cancer: The Role of PKM2 in Promoting Tumorigenesis
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2020) Kulsoom Zahra; Tulika Dey; Ashish; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Uma Pandey
Pyruvate kinase plays a pivotal role in regulating cell metabolism. The final and rate-limiting step of glycolysis is the conversion of Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to Pyruvate, which is catalyzed by Pyruvate Kinase. There are four isomeric, tissue-specific forms of Pyruvate Kinase found in mammals: PKL, PKR, PKM1, and PKM2. PKM1 and PKM2 are formed bya single mRNA transcript of the PKM gene by alternative splicing. The oligomers of PKM2 exist in high activity tetramer and low activity dimer forms. The dimer PKM2 regulates the rate-limiting step of glycolysis that shifts the glucose metabolism from the normal respiratory chain to lactate production in tumor cells. Besides its role as a metabolic regulator, it also acts as protein kinase, which contributes to tumorigenesis. This review is focused on the metabolic role of pyruvate kinase M2 in normal cells vs. cancerous cells and its regulation at the transcriptional level. The review also highlights the role of PKM2 as a potential diagnostic marker and as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment. © Copyright © 2020 Zahra, Dey, Ashish, Mishra and Pandey.
The Morphological Features of Anencephaly in North Indian Population
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Rashmi; Nitish Kumar Singh; Ashish; Abhay Kumar Yadav; Manpreet Kaur; Royana Singh
Background: Anencephaly occurs due to the complete absence of cranial vault and subsequent disruption of the cerebral cortex with a severely damaged brain. In anencephaly, the forebrain and brain stem are exposed. Forebrain either does not develop or is destroyed, leading to the absence of cerebrum and cerebellum. Methodology: Neural tube defects were taken in the study group. During the autopsy, clinical findings, external examination, internal examination, and photography were done along with the histopathology of the specimens to confirm the anomalies at microscopic level using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: In our study, we observed a simian crease in 4 out of 5 (80%) cases. Furthermore, there was presence of tooth which was not seen in previous studies. Central nervous system anomalies like spina bifida, gastro intestinal tract (GIT) anomalies like cleft palate, intestinal obstruction of megacolon, and malrotation of gut were some of the common anomalies which were observed in our study. Conclusion: It may be suggested that Anencephaly shows a female predisposition and the cases seems to be associated more in the primigravida females.The classical phenotypic presentation of anencephaly having absent cranial vault, low set ears, protruding eyes were present in all subjects studied. In our study, we observed a simian crease in 4 out of 5 (80%) cases. Furthermore, there was presence of tooth which was not seen in previous studies. Central nervous system anomalies like spina bifida, GIT anomalies like cleft palate, intestinal obstruction of megacolon, and malrotation of gut were some of the common anomalies which were observed in our study. © 2023 Journal of the Anatomical Society of India.