Browsing by Author "Atul Garg"

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A case of Actinomycotic mycetoma involving the right foot
(Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2009) Ragini Tilak; Sanjay Singh; Atul Garg; Jaya Bassi; Vijai Tilak; Anil K. Gulati
A 45-year-old male presented with history of multiple swellings over the foot with sinuses discharging seropurulent pus. Actinomadura madurae was demonstrated and identified by microbiological culture from the pus obtained directly of the lesion. This case is reported to emphasize the importance of laboratory diagnosis in the management and assessment of the prognosis of such cases.
Acanthamoebae presenting as primary meningoencephalitis in AIDS
(2007) Mukesh Kumar; Ragini Jain; K. Tripathi; Ravi Tandon; A.K. Gulati; Atul Garg; Jaya Gart
A rare case of Acanthamoebae meningoencephalitis is diagnosed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a 24 years old male suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient on the basis of bright field microscopy and culture growth on non-nutrient agar with Escherichia coli. This case illustrates that Acanthamoebae should be considered in the differential diagnosis of meningoencephalitis in AIDS in addition to tuberculosis and cryptococcus infection in tropical areas.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound infections
(Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd, 2006) Shampa Anupurba; Amitabha Bhattacharjee; Atul Garg; Malay Sen
The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in wound infections and its sensitivity to the commonly used antibiotics at SS Hospital, Varanasi, India. We received 940 relevant clinical specimens among, which 301 (32%) was P. aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disc diffusion method where cefoperazone/sulbactam was found to be most effective (74%) followed by ciprofloxacin (58%) and ceftazidime (54%). Rest of the antibiotics showed a very low level of susceptibility pattern. A total of 54 (18%) isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics tested in vitro.
Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance of blood culture isolates from a university hospital
(2007) Atul Garg; S. Anupurba; Jaya Garg; R.K. Goyal; M.R. Sen
Context: Blood stream infections are an important cause of mortality and morbidity and are among the most common health-care associated infections. Illness associated with blood stream infection ranges from self-limiting infections to life-threatening sepsis that require rapid and aggressive antimicrobial treatment. Aims: The objective of the study was to describe the pattern of bacterial isolates from the blood cultures in a university hospital and determine their antibiotic resistance, so that the study can provide guidelines for choosing an effective antibiotic therapy in cases of septicaemia. Settings and design: This is a retrospective study of 2,400 blood samples collected from clinically suspected cases of bacteraemia reviewed over a period of 2 years. Methods and material: The isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing determined by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. Results: Positive cultures were obtained in 493 (20.5%) cases. Among culture positive isolates, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 67.5% cases; most common being Pseudomonas spp. (16%) followed by Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi A (14.2%). Of the pathogenic Gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (8.3%) was the predominant isolate followed by Enterococcus faecalis (3.7%). Maximum Gram-negative isolates were sensitive to cefoperazone-sulbactam combination (81%). Vancomycin sensitivity was reported in 100% Staph. aureus and 83.3% Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusions: This study provides information on antibiotic resistance of blood isolates. It may be a useful guide for physicians initiating empiric therapy and will help in formulation of antibiotic therapy strategy in this part of the country.
Characterisation of islet antibody-negative type 1 diabetes mellitus in Indian children
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Jayakrishnan C. Menon; Pratibha Singh; Archana Archana; Uma Kanga; Preeti Lata Singh; Medha Mittal; Atul Garg; Anju Seth; Vijayalakshmi Bhatia; Preeti Dabadghao; Siddhnath Sudhanshu; Ruchira Vishwakarma; Shivendra Verma; Shipra Kumar Singh; Eesh Bhatia
Aims: Islet antibody-negative type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has not been well characterised. We determined the frequency of antibody-negative T1DM and compared it with antibody-positive T1DM in a cohort of north Indian children. Methods: In a multi-centre, prospective, observational study, 176 Indian children (age 1–18 years) were assessed within 2 weeks of diagnosis of T1DM. Antibodies against GAD65 (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), were estimated using validated ELISA. HLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles were studied by Luminex-based typing. Monogenic diabetes was determined by targeted next-generation sequencing using the Illumina platform. Results: After excluding 12 children with monogenic diabetes, GADA, IA-2A and ZnT8A were present in 124 (76%), 60 (37%) and 62 (38%) children, respectively, while 24 (15%) were negative for all antibodies. A single antibody (most frequently GADA) was present in 68 (41%) of children, while all three antibodies were found in 34 (21%). Islet antibody-negative T1DM (n = 24, 15%) did not differ from antibody-positive children in their clinical features, HbA1c or plasma C-peptide, both at onset or after 1 year follow-up (available in 62 children). The frequency of other organ-specific antibodies or high-risk HLA-DR and DQ alleles were also similar. Children with a single islet antibody did not differ from those with multiple antibodies. Conclusions: The frequency of various islet-antibodies, in isolation and combination, differed considerably from studies among children of European descent with T1DM. Children with T1DM who were islet antibody-negative were indistinguishable from those who were antibody-positive. © 2024 Diabetes UK.
Characterisation of islet antibody-negative type 1 diabetes mellitus in Indian children
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Jayakrishnan C. Menon; Pratibha Singh; Archana Archana; Uma Kanga; Preeti Singh; Medha Mittal; Atul Garg; Anju Seth; Vijayalakshmi Bhatia; Preeti Dabadghao; Siddhnath Sudhanshu; Ruchira Vishwakarma; Shivendra Verma; S.K. Singh; Eesh Bhatia
Aims: Islet antibody-negative type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has not been well characterised. We determined the frequency of antibody-negative T1DM and compared it with antibody-positive T1DM in a cohort of north Indian children. Methods: In a multi-centre, prospective, observational study, 176 Indian children (age 1–18 years) were assessed within 2 weeks of diagnosis of T1DM. Antibodies against GAD65 (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), were estimated using validated ELISA. HLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles were studied by Luminex-based typing. Monogenic diabetes was determined by targeted next-generation sequencing using the Illumina platform. Results: After excluding 12 children with monogenic diabetes, GADA, IA-2A and ZnT8A were present in 124 (76%), 60 (37%) and 62 (38%) o children, respectively, while 24 (15%) were negative for all antibodies. A single antibody (most frequently GADA) was present in 68 (41%) of children, while all three antibodies were found in 34 (21%). Islet antibody-negative T1DM (n = 24, 15%) did not differ from antibody-positive children in their clinical features, HbA1c or plasma C-peptide, both at onset or after 1 year follow-up (available in 62 children). The frequency of other organ-specific antibodies or high-risk HLA-DR and DQ alleles were also similar. Children with a single islet antibody did not differ from those with multiple antibodies. Conclusions: The frequency of various islet-antibodies, in isolation and combination, differed considerably from studies among children of European descent with T1DM. Children with T1DM who were islet antibody-negative were indistinguishable from those who were antibody-positive. © 2024 Diabetes UK.
Evaluation of pan-dermatophyte nested PCR in diagnosis of onychomycosis
(2007) Jaya Garg; Ragini Tilak; Sanjay Singh; Anil Kumar Gulati; Atul Garg; Pradyot Prakash; Gopal Nath
In this study, nested PCR using novel primers targeting the pan-dermatophyte-specific sequence of the chitin synthase 1 gene (CHS1) was compared with KOH microscopy, culture isolation, and single-round PCR for diagnosis of 152 patients with clinically suspected onychomycosis. Results indicate that nested PCR may be considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of cases of onychomycosis for which the etiological agents are dermatophytes. Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
High Frequency of Recessive WFS1 Mutations Among Indian Children With Islet Antibody-negative Type 1 Diabetes
(Endocrine Society, 2024) Jayakrishnan C Menon; Pratibha Singh; Archana Archana; Preeti Singh; Medha Mittal; Uma Kanga; Kausik Mandal; Anju Seth; Vijayalakshmi Bhatia; Preeti Dabadghao; Siddhnath Sudhanshu; Atul Garg; Ruchira Vishwakarma; Aditya Narayan Sarangi; Shivendra Verma; Surya Kumar Singh; Eesh Bhatia
Background: While the frequency of islet antibody-negative (idiopathic) type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is reported to be increased in Indian children, its aetiology has not been studied. We investigated the role of monogenic diabetes in the causation of islet antibody-negative T1DM. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational study of 169 Indian children (age 1-18 years) with recent-onset T1DM. All were tested for antibodies against GAD65, islet antigen-2, and zinc transporter 8 using validated ELISA. Thirty-four islet antibody-negative children underwent targeted next-generation sequencing for 31 genes implicated in monogenic diabetes using the Illumina platform. All mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results: Thirty-five (21%) children were negative for all islet antibodies. Twelve patients (7% of entire cohort, 34% of patients with islet antibody-negative T1DM) were detected to have pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. The most frequently affected locus was WFS1, with 9 patients (5% of entire cohort, 26% of islet antibody-negative). These included 7 children with homozygous and 1 patient each with a compound heterozygous and heterozygous mutation. Children with Wolfram syndrome 1 (WS) presented with severe insulin-requiring diabetes (including 3 patients with ketoacidosis), but other syndromic manifestations were not detected. In 3 patients, heterozygous mutations in HNF4A, ABCC8, and PTF1A loci were detected. Conclusion: Nearly one-quarter of Indian children with islet antibody-negative T1DM had recessive mutations in the WFS1 gene. These patients did not exhibit other features of WS at the time of diagnosis. Testing for monogenic diabetes, especially WS, should be considered in Indian children with antibody-negative T1DM. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved.
Rapid detection of dermatophytes from skin and hair
(2009) Jaya Garg; Ragini Tilak; Atul Garg; Pradyot Prakash; Anil Kumar Gulati; Gopal Nath
Background. Dermatophytes are a group of closely related keratinophilic fungi that can invade keratinized humans and animals tissues such as skin, hair and nails causing dermatophytosis. They are an important cause of superficial fungal infection. Findings. Conventional methods like potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy and fungal culture lacks the ability to make an early and specific diagnosis. In this study we have evaluated nested Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers targeting dermatophyte specific sequence of chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) gene and compared with conventional test. A total of 155 patients clinically suspected with dermatophytosis were included in the study. Of which 105 specimens were skin scrapings and 50 were hair. KOH microscopy, fungal culture and first round and nested PCR were done on clinical specimens, and results compared. Nested PCR for dermatophytes was positive in 83.8% specimens, followed by KOH microscopy (70%), first round PCR (50.8) and fungal culture (25.8). Conclusion. Results indicate that nested PCR may be considered as gold standard for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis and can aid the clinician in initiating prompt and appropriate antifungal therapy. © 2009 Garg et al.