Browsing by Author "Chandra Bhushan"

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Assessing the effect of various nutrient management practices on Mungbean (Vigna radiata) production in Guava (Psidium guajava) based agri-horti system
(Horizon e-Publishing Group, 2025) Visha Jain; Chandra Bhushan; Ayushi Jain; Shivam; Anjali Tiwari; Subhaprada Behera; Vikas Kumar
The field experiment was conducted in the Kharif season spanning 2022-23 to determine the most effective nutrient management practice via foliar application in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in a guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Lalit based agri-horti system. The studies were conducted at Agroforestry Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University campus in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications. The guava fruit orchard of size 7x7 m was established in 2007. The orchard had an average height of 5.85 m, canopy diameter of 5.60 m, stem girth of 0.97 cm and crown length of 4.93 m. Mungbean cv. Samrat, a short duration (60-65 days) and yellow mosaic virus resistant variety were used for the study. The plot size was 9 m2 (gross) and 4.80 m2 (net) with an inter-row spacing of 30 cm and an intra-row spacing of 10 cm. The seeds were sown at the rate of 15 kg ha-1. The plants were raised till 64 days and the treatments with different concentrations of recommended fertilizer foliar were given when most of the (80 %) pods turned brown. The results revealed that treatment T₁₀ in which recommended fertilizer dose (18:48:24 kg ha-1 N:P₂O₅: K₂O) along with foliar applications of Nano urea (4 mL L-1), 0.5 % ZnSO₄ and 0.2 % Boron at pre-flowering and pod development stages gave high yield. The plants subjected to this treatment showed significantly low mortality but increased plant height, branching, leaf production, yield and improved economic returns (gross return, net return and benefit-cost ratio). The second most effective treatment was T₉ in which recommended fertilizer dose was supplemented with 0.5 % ZnSO₄ and 0.2 % boron applied twice, at pre-flowering and pod development stages. Integrating optimized fertilization and foliar nutrient applications to enhance mungbean yield while maintaining sustainable practices in agri-horti systems. © The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Effect of weed management practices under various fertility levels on yield, nitrogen content and protein of spring mungbean
(Enviro Media, 2014) Gargi Goswami; Chandra Bhushan; Anil Shukla; Santosh Kumar
A field experiment was conducted during spring season of 2012-13. The experiment consisted of four treatments of fertility levels in main plot (RDF, % RDF +2% urea spray, two sprays of 2% urea and control) and five treatments of weed management in subplot (pendimethalin @ lkg/ha, imazethapyr @ 50 g/ha, chlorimuron-ethyl @ 4 g/ha, hand weeding and weedy check), thereby making twenty treatment combinations tested in split plot design with three replications. Results indicated that application of RDF significantly increased the number of pods, seed yield and biological yield over other fertility levels. Results further indicated that among weed management practices hand weeding resulted in increase in the number of pods, seed yield and biological yield which was followed by application of pendimethalin. The fertility levels significantly influenced the N content in straw and grains while the affect of the weed management practices was significant on N content in grains, only. However both the management practices influenced the protein content in grains significantly. Copyright © EM International.
Herbicide and irrigation management options in conventionally-tilled wheat: deciphering water and energy budgeting, and grain and monetary output in north-Indian plains
(Nature Research, 2025) Sunil Kumar Verma; Chandra Bhushan; Sudhir Kumar S. Rajpoot; Richa Chaudhary; Ramawatar Narayan Meena; Sanjeev K. Kashyap; Vijay Sai Pratap; Peeyush Kumar Jaysawal; Sukhchain B. Singh; Ram Kumar Singh; Deepak Kumar Yadav
In South Asia, declining water tables due to increased irrigation and labor shortages for manual weeding pose significant challenges for wheat production. Additionally, herbicide resistance, often resulting from poor management practices, further complicates weed problems. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of traditional irrigation regimens (IRs) and herbicide application on wheat crops. The findings showed that when irrigation was applied at 100 mm CPE (IR4), and at 40 mm CPE (IR1), different combinations of herbicide to weed managment were tested. In comparison to the other treatments, application of irrigation at 40 mm cumulative pan evaporation (IR1) along with the Pendimethalin1000 g ha−1 (pre-em) in combination with clodinafop-propargyl 10% + metribuzin 22% + sulfosulfuron 4.2% at a rate of 1125 g ha−1 at 30 DAS (WM1) produced the best results in terms of crop yields, economic returns, relative water content, consumptive use, rate of water use, water use efficiency, water productivity, energy input–output, energy returns, energy productivity, energy intensity, specific energy, energy efficiency, maximum field capacity, available soil water, and soil profile moisture extraction pattern. The only exceptions were Pendimethalin1000g ha−1 (pre-em) combined with carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG), at the rate of 100 g ha−1 at 30 DAS (WM2) and the weed-free treatment (WM5), where the differences were not statistically significant. The yield of wheat grain (14.26 kg ha−1) and straw (14.41 kg ha−1) decreased as the unit dry matter production of weeds increased. The study recommends exploring additional weed control strategies and irrigation management options in future improve wheat yields in conventionally-tilled systems. © The Author(s) 2024.
Influence of tillage and herbicide strategies on weed dynamics and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) performance in saline soils of Northern India
(Horizon e-Publishing Group, 2025) Mohammad Vaheed; Chandra Bhushan; Sunil Kumar Verma; Sukhchain B. Singh; Sudhir Kumar S. Rajpoot; Sidra Qidwai; Sameer Shrivastava
A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2019-20 at the Agronomy Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, to assess the effects of tillage and herbicide combinations on weed dynamics, crop growth and wheat yield under saline soil conditions. The study involved 15 treatment combinations arranged in a split-plot design (SPD) with three replications. The main plots included three tillage operations: T0-zero tillage (ZT), T1-minimum tillage (MT) and T2-conventional tillage (CT). The sub-plots consisted of five weed management treatments: pendimethalin 1.5 kg active ingredient/ha (pre-emergence), pendimethalin 1.0 kg active ingredient/ha (pre-emergence) followed by sulfosulfuron (SFS) at 0.025 kg active ingredient/ha (post-emergence), SFS + metsulfuron-methyl (MSM) at 0.032 kg active ingredient/ha (post-emergence), a weedy check and a weed-free control. The results revealed that ZT significantly reduced weed density and dry weight while enhancing weed control efficiency (WCE) compared to MT and CT. Among the herbicide treatments, the sequential application of pendimethalin (1.0 kg active ingredient/ha) followed by SFS (0.025 kg active ingredient/ha) was the most effective in suppressing weed growth and improving WCE and enhancing crop growth and yield. This treatment was statistically on par with the SFS + MSM application. The combination of ZT with pendimethalin followed by SFS (T0W2) recorded the lowest weed infestation and the highest values for plant height, dry matter accumulation, tillers per m row length and grain yield. This was closely followed by the ZT combined with SFS + MSM treatment (T0W3), highlighting the synergistic benefits of conservation tillage and sequential herbicide application. © The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/)
Smart Water Systems: AI and IoT in Precision Irrigation
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Abhishek Patidar; Richa Chaudhary; Neelkamal Mishra; Sudhir Kumar S. Rajpoot; Saroj Kumar Prasad; Chandra Bhushan
Freshwater is the most extensively extracted natural resource worldwide, despite being essential to ecosystem health and human survival. A scarcity in the circulation rate, which occurs when the demand for freshwater exceeds the supply, can be caused by excessive freshwater use. The most water-intensive sector is agriculture, which accounts for around 70% of that withdrawal volume. As climate change exacerbates this issue, traditional irrigation methods prove inadequate, leading to unsustainable practices such as over-extraction and soil degradation. The integration of smart water systems, leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), presents innovative solutions for enhancing water use efficiency through precision irrigation. This approach enables farmers to deliver the right amount of water at optimal times, significantly improving crop yields and sustainability. The chapter explores the role of AI in precision irrigation, detailing various machine learning techniques that forecast water needs and optimize irrigation schedules based on real-time data. It also discusses the challenges of sensor accuracy, data integration, and economic barriers to adoption, particularly for smallholder farmers. Furthermore, the chapter highlights future trends in AI and IoT technologies, emphasizing the importance of government support and standardized practices for the widespread implementation of smart irrigation systems. Ultimately, in view of growing water scarcity, this chapter emphasizes how cutting-edge irrigation technologies may revolutionize agricultural water management and ensure food security. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Smart Weather-Based Irrigation Scheduling Technologies
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Kareti Harika; P. Halesha; Abhishek Kumar Singh; Prajjwal Agnihotri; Sudhir Kumar S. Rajpoot; Saroj Kumar Prasad; Chandra Bhushan
Traditional irrigation methods show their significance and adaptability through their simplicity, low upfront cost, ease of use, and minimal reliance on technology. However, they often show lower water use efficiency as they can lead to inadequate watering, resulting in either short supply of water or water wastage and reduced crop productivity per unit of water supplied. Weather-based irrigation scheduling (WBIS) represents a significant advancement in agricultural water management practices. This innovative approach utilizes local weather data, particularly evapotranspiration rates, to optimize irrigation schedules and thus facilitate efficient irrigation management based on crop water needs. Weather-based systems’ key components include collecting the weather data influencing water needs of crops, instruments, sources of weather data collection, a processing model, and automated controllers that adjust watering based on real-time conditions. By integrating these elements, weather-based irrigation not only conserves water and environment but also enhances crop yield and sustainability in agricultural practices. However, challenges, such as high initial costs and technical complexities, may hinder its widespread adoption. By addressing these barriers through financial incentives and improved data accuracy, WBIS can become more accessible and lay the pavement for improved irrigation efficiency and positioning it as a key strategy for sustainable water management in a changing climate. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Three-way combination of post-emergence herbicides under DSR and TPR: deciphering weeds, energy budgeting, productivity and economic output in Northern Indo-Gangetic plains
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2025) Satish K. Verma; Sameer Shrivastava; Mohammad Vaheed; Deepak Kumar Yadav; Chandra Bhushan; Mayank Srivastava; Sudhir Kumar S. Rajpoot; Sukhchain B. Singh; Himansi Singh
The herbicide formulations were used as post-emergence in direct-seeded rice (DSR) and transplanted rice (TPR) against manual weeding and weedy check during kharif season of 2017–18 and 2018–19 at Varanasi, focusing on different weed species, energy budgeting, productivity and economic outcomes. The results showed that TPR significantly reduced the density and biomass of weeds with a lower weed index (WI) and higher weed control efficiency (WCE), yield, profitability and energy use over DSR. Significantly lower density (45–60%) and dry biomass of weed, with lower WI and the highest WCE, yield, returns and energy efficiency over other herbicides were computed with the use of BMC-II (270 g/ha) at 30 days after sowing. © (2025), (Indian Academy of Sciences). All rights reserved.