Browsing by Author "Chandra Shekhar Seth"

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24-Epibrassinolide and Sodium Nitroprusside alleviate the salinity stress in Brassica juncea L. cv. Varuna through cross talk among proline, nitrogen metabolism and abscisic acid
(Springer International Publishing, 2017) Praveen Gupta; Sudhakar Srivastava; Chandra Shekhar Seth
Background and aim: Soil salinity is one of the major environmental obstacles that limit the crop productivity. A pot experiment was conducted with an aim to explore the ameliorative effects of exogenously applied 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in alone and/or combination against salinity stress in Brassica juncea (L.) cv. Varuna. Methods: Plants were grown in earthen pots and were exposed to 100 mM NaCl. Further, 30 days old plants were sprayed with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL, 10−6 M) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 μM) solutions in alone and/or combination. Plant growth indices, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, nitrogen and proline metabolism, malondialdehyde, electrolytic leakage and ABA content were analyzed. Results: Salinity stress hampered the general plant growth, affected gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrogen metabolism, showed increase in MDA, proline and ABA content while decreased electrolytic leakage and K+/Na+ ratio. The endogenous levels of ABA revealed significant increase in salinity treatment (12.25 μg g−1 FW) and approaching control value (4.31 μg g−1 FW) in combined EBL and SNP treatment. Conclusion: The present findings demonstrated that EBL and SNP application could protect the plants against salinity stress suggesting the involvement of nitric oxide and brassinosteroids in salinity stress amelioration through impact on nitrogen, proline and ABA metabolism. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Biopolymer and polymer precursor production by microorganisms: applications and future prospects
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024) Baljeet Singh Saharan; Neel Kamal; Prerana Badoni; Ramesh Kumar; Mayuri Saini; Dharmender Kumar; Deepansh Sharma; Swati Tyagi; Poonam Ranga; Jagdish Parshad; Chhaya Goyal; Ravinder Kumar; Manju Nehra; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Joginder Singh Duhan; Neelam Kumari Mandal
Polymers have been used in various industries over the past few decades due to their tremendous applications. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates and poly(lactic acid) are easily biodegradable biopolymers derived from bacteria, including recombinant Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes eutrophus, Alcaligenes latus, Azotobacter vinelandii, methylotrophs and Pseudomonas. Conventional petroleum-derived polymers have become potentially harmful to the environment due to their complex degradation process. The nonbiodegradability of synthetic polymers has become a global issue of concern. There is an urgent need for a substitute to tackle the increasing environmental stress. Microorganisms are small factories for producing different types of polymers during their growth cycle. Various features like biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity and wide substrate spectrum make such microbial polymers highly reliable. Biopolymers such as alginate, cellulose, cyanophycin, levan, polyhydroxyalkanoates, xanthan, poly(lactic acid) and poly(γ-glutamic acid) can be obtained from different microorganisms like Aureobasdium pullulans, Acetobacter xylinum, Bacillus thermoamylovorans and Cupriavidusnecator. These are extensively used in various fields like food, medicine, wastewater treatment, biofuel production, packaging and cosmetics. Despite being advantageous in several ways, the biopolymer market still faces several hurdles. This review mainly emphasizes the different types of biopolymers, production by microorganisms and various applications of these biopolymers in different fields. The main drawback limiting the development of these polymers is the high production cost and low efficiency of the microbial strains. Genetic recombination is an efficient technique to enhance the microbial yield and to expand the biopolymer market size. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Comprehensive journey from past to present to future about seed priming with hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen sulfide concerning drought, temperature, UV and ozone stresses- a review
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Rashmi Choudhary; Vishnu Dayal Rajput; Gajanan Ghodake; Faheem Ahmad; Mukesh Meena; Reiaz ul Rehman; Ram Prasad; Rajesh Kumar Sharma; Rachana Singh; Chandra Shekhar Seth
Background and aims: Abiotic stresses lead to drastic changes in functional and physiological anatomy in plants such as generation of reactive oxygen species, loss of photosynthetic efficiency, membrane damage etc resulting in a slower expansion and causing a significant harvest penalty. Methodologies like conventional breeding or the use of transgenics are in trend to abate stress impacts on plants, however, alternatively, the use of simple and cost-effective solutions to this problem are also popular. This review focuses on the amelioration of four chief abiotic stressors in plants with reference to priming by H2O2 and H2S. In light of this, the mechanism of resilience to abiotic stress is thoroughly elucidated from past to current scientific efforts in addition to elaborating the critical knowledge gaps and bridging those as well. There are reviews on the use of these two molecules in agronomic systems for drought, and, heat stresses, however, the present review differs in reviewing their impacts on very less addressed UV and ozone stress, including their parallel view of action in terms of similarities and dissimilarities elaborating the interconnection with other signaling molecules. Conclusion: Recently, pre-treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an economic, feasible, and efficient approach to abate the various abiotic stresses. H2O2 and H2S are multitasking cell signaling molecules in plants. Chemical priming with H2O2 and H2S helps in acclimation of seedlings by hardening and activating antioxidant machinery and thus, in stress tolerance to deal with numerous abiotic stress exposures like drought, temperature, UV, and ozone stress. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Critical review on toxic contaminants in surface water ecosystem: sources, monitoring, and its impact on human health
(Springer, 2024) Prince Kumar Singh; Umesh Kumar; Indrajeet Kumar; Akanksha Dwivedi; Priyanka Singh; Saumya Mishra; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Rajesh Kumar Sharma
Surface water pollution is a critical and urgent global issue that demands immediate attention. Surface water plays a crucial role in supporting and sustaining life on the earth, but unfortunately, till now, we have less understanding of its spatial and temporal dynamics of discharge and storage variations at a global level. The contamination of surface water arises from various sources, classified into point and non-point sources. Point sources are specific, identifiable origins of pollution that release pollutants directly into water bodies through pipes or channels, allowing for easier identification and management, e.g., industrial discharges, sewage treatment plants, and landfills. However, non-point sources originate from widespread activities across expansive areas and present challenges due to its diffuse nature and multiple pathways of contamination, e.g., agricultural runoff, urban storm water runoff, and atmospheric deposition. Excessive accumulation of heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, pesticides, chlorination by-products, pharmaceutical products in surface water through different pathways threatens food quality and safety. As a result, there is an urgent need for developing and designing new tools for identifying and quantifying various environmental contaminants. In this context, chemical and biological sensors emerge as fascinating devices well-suited for various environmental applications. Numerous chemical and biological sensors, encompassing electrochemical, magnetic, microfluidic, and biosensors, have recently been invented by hydrological scientists for the detection of water pollutants. Furthermore, surface water contaminants are monitored through different sensors, proving their harmful effects on human health. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Functional Diversification and Mechanistic Insights of MYB Transcription Factors in Mediating Plant Growth and Development, Secondary Metabolism, and Stress Responses
(Springer, 2025) Safoora Mariyam; Vinay Kumar; Aryadeep Roychoudhury; Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake; Sowbiya Muneer; Joginder Singh Duhan; Faheem Ahmad; Rajesh Kumar Sharma; Joginder P. Singh; Chandra Shekhar Seth
Gene expression at transcriptional stage regulates several vital life processes. Transcription factors (TFs) are essential for guiding these cellular functions. MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) TF family possesses a broad spectrum of biological functions, involving growth and differentiation, metabolism, defence mechanisms, as well as reactions to environmental stressors. Additionally, MYB transcription factors are recognized for involvement in manufacture of plant secondary metabolites. MYB proteins’ functions are extensively regulated at translational level, comprising mechanisms such as ubiquitination, sumoylation, and phosphorylation. MYB TFs’ vital role in controlling plant development is due to their capacity of precisely binding with cis-elements located in promoter domain of eukaryote targeted genes, influencing gene expression. This review delves into the evolution and critical roles of MYB proteins under various environmental stress conditions. Furthermore, it examines how these proteins control downstream target gene networks in response to abiotic stressors. It investigates the probable mechanisms that control MYB protein regulation at multiple stages, including transcription, post-transcriptional processes, and protein levels. It also investigates how these proteins control downstream targeted gene cascades during responses to environmental stresses in developing stress-resilient crops. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Harnessing weedy rice as functional food and source of novel traits for crop improvement
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Sunil Kumar Chongtham; Ayam Gangarani; Pranab Dutta; Elangbam Lamalakshmi; Sansuta Mohanty; Anil K. Choudhary; Anup Das; Konsam Sarika; Sumit Kumar; Yumnam Sonika; Diana Sagolsem; Y. Rupert Anand; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; M. Victoria; S. Vinodh; Chongtham Tania; Adhikarimayum Dhanachandra Sharma; Lipa Deb; Manas Ranjan Sahoo; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Prashant Swapnil; Mukesh Meena
A relative of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), weedy or red rice (Oryza spp.) is currently recognized as the dominant weed, leading to a drastic loss of yield of cultivated rice due to its highly competitive abilities like producing more tillers, panicles, and biomass with better nutrient uptake. Due to its high nutritional value, antioxidant properties (anthocyanin and proanthocyanin), and nutrient absorption ability, weedy rice is gaining immense research attentions to understand its genetic constitution to augment future breeding strategies and to develop nutrition-rich functional foods. Consequently, this review focuses on the unique gene source of weedy rice to enhance the cultivated rice for its crucial features like water use efficiency, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, early flowering, and the red pericarp of the seed. It explores the debating issues on the origin and evolution of weedy rice, including its high diversity, signalling aspects, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping under stress conditions, the intricacy of the mechanism in the expression of the gene flow, and ecological challenges of nutrient removal by weedy rice. This review may create a foundation for future researchers to understand the gene flow between cultivated crops and weedy traits and support an improved approach for the applicability of several models in predicting multiomics variables. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Nanotechnology, a frontier in agricultural science, a novel approach in abiotic stress management and convergence with new age medicine-A review
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Safoora Mariyam; Sudhir K. Upadhyay; Koushik Chakraborty; Krishan K. Verma; Joginder Singh Duhan; Sowbiya Muneer; Mukesh Meena; Rajesh Kumar Sharma; Gajanan Ghodake; Chandra Shekhar Seth
Climate change imposes various environmental stresses which substantially impact plant growth and productivity. Salinity, drought, temperature extremes, heavy metals, and nutritional imbalances are among several abiotic stresses contributing to high yield losses of crops in various parts of the world, resulting in food insecurity. Many interesting strategies are being researched in the attempt to improve plants' environmental stress tolerance. These include the application of nanoparticles, which have been found to improve plant function under stress situations. Nanotechnology will be a key driver in the upcoming agri-tech and pharmaceutical revolution, which promises a more sustainable, efficient, and resilient agricultural and medical system Nano-fertilizers can help plants utilise nutrients more efficiently by releasing nutrients slowly and sustainably. Plant physiology and nanomaterial features (such as size, shape, and charge) are important aspects influencing the impact on plant growth. Here, we discussed the most promising new opportunities and methodologies for using nanotechnology to increase the efficiency of critical inputs for crop agriculture, as well as to better manage biotic and abiotic stress. Potential development and implementation challenges are highlighted, emphasising the importance of designing suggested nanotechnologies using a systems approach. Finally, the strengths, flaws, possibilities, and risks of nanotechnology are assessed and analysed in order to present a comprehensive and clear picture of the nanotechnology potentials, as well as future paths for nano-based agri-food applications towards sustainability. Future research directions have been established in order to support research towards the long-term development of nano-enabled agriculture and evolution of pharmaceutical industry. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Nickel Contamination in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Insights into Impacts, Phytotoxicity Mechanisms, and Remediation Technologies
(Springer, 2025) Umesh Kumar; Indrajeet Kumar; Prince Kumar Singh; Akanksha Dwivedi; Priyanka K. Singh; Saumya Mishra; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Rajesh Kumar Sharma
Nickel (Ni), an essential heavy metal, is transformed from an element with vital functions to a hazardous contaminant within agricultural environments, owing to its extensive utilization across diverse applications, spanning from everyday household items to various industrial processes. Understanding Ni’s bioavailability in soil, associated risks, phytodetoxification processes, and current remediation techniques is crucial for sustainable ecosystem management. Although Ni occurs naturally in very small concentrations in soil, water, and air, its absorption by plants from soil to roots is vital for both activating enzymes and supporting plant growth. Ni plays pivotal roles in numerous physiological functions, including photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and growth regulation. However, excessive Ni can induce toxic effects in plants through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that interferes with their biochemical, physiological, and morphological processes. Eventually, there are only a number of feasible strategies for the mitigation of Ni-polluted soils. The present review critically examines the origins and dynamics of Ni in soil–plant systems and its detrimental effects on plants at morphological, biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels. The review also explores the detoxification mechanisms in higher plants and current remediation technologies for decision-making and sustainable management of Ni contamination in the environment. The review concludes that there is a need of friendly effective and environmentally sustainable technologies for the mitigation of Ni toxicity in terrestrial ecosystems and environmental sustainability. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
Nitric oxide mediated regulation of ascorbate-glutathione pathway alleviates mitotic aberrations and DNA damage in Allium cepa L. under salinity stress
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Priyanka Prajapati; Praveen Gupta; Ravindra Nath Kharwar; Chandra Shekhar Seth
Allium cepa L. is an important medicinal and food plant enormously affected by salinity in terms of its growth and quality. This experiment investigates ameliorative potential of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on chromosomal aberrations and physiological parameters in A. cepa L. roots exposed to salinity stress. Roots with different concentrations of NaCl (25, 50, and 100 mM) alone, and in combination with 100 µM SNP were analyzed for mitotic aberrations, DNA damage, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle after 120 h of salinity treatments. Results revealed that salinity stress increased chromosomal aberrations, MDA, proline accumulation, and severely hampered the AsA-GSH cycle function. The comet assay revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) enhancement in tail length (4.35 ± 0.05 µm) and olive tail moment (3.19 ± 0.04 µm) at 100 mM NaCl exposure. However, SNP supplementation decreased total percent abnormalities, while increased the prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase indexes. Moreover, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities increased with AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios, respectively. Results suggest that SNP supplementation alleviates salinity stress responses by improving AsA-GSH cycle and proline accumulation. Based on present findings, NO supplementation could be recommended as a promising approach for sustainable crop production under salinity stress. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Phenolic Compounds of the Medicinal Plants in an Anthropogenically Transformed Environment
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Natalya Vinogradova; Elena Vinogradova; Victor Chaplygin; Saglara Mandzhieva; Pradeep Kumar; Vishnu D. Rajput; Tatiana Minkina; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Marina Burachevskaya; Dionise Lysenko; Rupesh Kumar Singh
In this article, the impact of an anthropogenically transformed environment on the content of pharmaceutically valuable biologically active compounds in medicinal plants is analyzed. The studied biologically active substances included phenolic compounds (flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, and phenolic acids). The number of transmissible forms of heavy metals (HMs), including cadmium, lead, and mercury, were discharged from factories that are present in the soil. Plants uptake these toxic metals from the soil. HM causes changes in the activity of the several enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI) and other enzymes. These enzymes play an important role in biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in medicinal plants. It has been demonstrated that plant materials possess high antioxidant potential due to their high phenolic content. As a result, the present review discusses a thorough investigation of anthropogenically transformed environment effects on the quantity of pharmaceutically valuable phenolic compounds in medicinal plants. © 2023 by the authors.
Preface
(Springer, 2025) Mukesh Kumar Meena; Andleeb Zehra; Prashant Swapnil; Chandra Shekhar Seth
[No abstract available]
Recent advancement of nano-biochar for the remediation of heavy metals and emerging contaminants: Mechanism, adsorption kinetic model, plant growth and development
(Academic Press Inc., 2024) Himanshu K. Pathak; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Prabhat K. Chauhan; Gopal Dubey; Garima Singh; Devendra Jain; Sudhir K. Upadhyay; Padmanabh Dwivedi; Kuan Shiong Khoo
Even though researches have shown that biochar can improve soil-health and plant-growth even in harsh environments and get rid of harmful heavy metals and new contaminants, it is still not sustainable, affordable, or effective enough. Therefore, scientists are required to develop nanomaterials in order to preserve numerous aquatic and terrestrial species. The carbonaceous chemical known as nano-biochar (N-BC) can be used to get rid of metal contamination and emerging contaminants. However, techniques to reduce hetero-aggregation and agglomeration of nano-biochar are needed that lead to the emergence of emerging nano-biochar (EN-BC) in order to maximise its capacity for adsorption of nano-biochar. To address concerns in regards to the expanding human population and sustain a healthy community, it is imperative to address the problems associated with toxic heavy metals, emerging contaminants, and other abiotic stressors that are threatening agricultural development. Nano-biochar can provide an effective solution for removal of emerging contaminants, toxic heavy metals, and non-degradable substance. This review provides the detailed functional mechanistic and kinetics of nano-biochar, its effectiveness in promoting plant growth, and soil health under abiotic stress. Nonetheless, this review paper has comprehensively illustrated various adsorption study models that will be employed in future research. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.
Recent advancements in multifaceted roles of flavonoids in plant–rhizomicrobiome interactions
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Gokul Anil Kumar; Sumit Kumar; Rupesh Bhardwaj; Prashant Swapnil; Mukesh Meena; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Ankush Yadav
The rhizosphere consists of a plethora of microbes, interacting with each other as well as with the plants present in proximity. The root exudates consist of a variety of secondary metabolites such as strigolactones and other phenolic compounds such as coumarin that helps in facilitating communication and forming associations with beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere. Among different secondary metabolites flavonoids (natural polyphenolic compounds) continuously increasing attention in scientific fields for showing several slews of biological activities. Flavonoids possess a benzo-γ-pyrone skeleton and several classes of flavonoids have been reported on the basis of their basic structure such as flavanones, flavonols, anthocyanins, etc. The mutualistic association between plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plants have been reported to help the host plants in surviving various biotic and abiotic stresses such as low nitrogen and phosphorus, drought and salinity stress, pathogen attack, and herbivory. This review sheds light upon one such component of root exudate known as flavonoids, which is well known for nodulation in legume plants. Apart from the well-known role in inducing nodulation in legumes, this group of compounds has anti-microbial and antifungal properties helping in establishing defensive mechanisms and playing a major role in forming mycorrhizal associations for the enhanced acquisition of nutrients such as iron and phosphorus. Further, this review highlights the role of flavonoids in plants for recruiting non-mutualistic microbes under stress and other important aspects regarding recent findings on the functions of this secondary metabolite in guiding the plant-microbe interaction and how organic matter affects its functionality in soil. Copyright © 2024 Kumar, Kumar, Bhardwaj, Swapnil, Meena, Seth and Yadav.
Transforming bio-waste into value-added products mediated microbes for enhancing soil health and crop production: Perspective views on circular economy
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Sudhir K. Upadhyay; Garima Singh; Nitu Rani; Vishnu D. Rajput; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Padmanabh Dwivedi; Tatiana Minkina; Ming Hung Wong; Pau Loke Show; Kuan Shiong Khoo
Unprecedented increasing of human population has led to the huge production of bio-wastes which is a rich source of plant nutrients. These bio-wastes consist of fundamental nutrients (e.g. phosphorous, nitrogen, and potassium) which can play a crucial role in protecting agriculture sectors from the adverse effects derived from synthetic fertilizers. Reusing bio-waste materials originating from agricultural waste, animal waste, and sewage sludge can aid in the recovery of nutrients as well as the development of products with value, in order fostering a circular economy. Waste valorization is the process of converting waste into valuable products for the enhancement of soil fertility and sustaining agricultural plant growth. Microbes and biological systems offer sustainable bioconversion mechanisms to convert bio-waste into valuable bio-products. By utilizing bio-based fertilizers derived from bio-waste, agricultural production can be increased while mitigating the negative environmental impact caused by synthetic fertilizers. These microbes are sourced from nature and cultivated in the laboratories which are further incorporated into suitable carrier materials for application in the soil. More research is needed to explore their field-level applications of bio-based fertilizers, which are supported based on 155 publications included in this study, to maintain agricultural sustainability and productivity. However, the interplay between plant and microbes must be carefully considered to ensure an optimal result in the field, sometimes requiring artificial augmentation. Therefore, the present review emphasizes the development of bio-based fertilizers through cutting-edge technology, microbial utilization, optimization for a circular economy, which opens new horizon for bio-waste minimization and its resource utilization. © 2024 The Authors
Unlocking the Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Exploring Role in Plant Growth Promotion, Nutrient Uptake Mechanisms, Biotic Stress Alleviation, and Sustaining Agricultural Production Systems
(Springer, 2025) Ingudam Bhupenchandra; S. K. Chongtham; Ayam Gangarani Devi; Pranab Dutta; M. R. Sahoo; Sansuta Mohanty; Sumit Kumar; Anil Kumar Choudhary; Elangbam Lamalakshmi Devi; Soibam Sinyorita; Soibam Helena Devi; Madhusmita Mahanta; Arti Kumari; Hidangmayum Lembisana Devi; R. K. Josmee; Ayam Pusparani; Neeta Pathaw; Sachin Gupta; Mukesh Kumar Meena; Janmeda Pracheta; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Jaya Arora; Abhishek Sahoo; Prashant Swapnil
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic organisms that form intimate relationships with host plants by developing intracellular structures called arbuscules within root cortical cells. They are vital to natural ecosystems, offering a range of ecological benefits. They enhance the uptake and transfer of essential nutrients, influence the composition of fungal and bacterial communities in the soil, and improve soil texture and structure. They also strengthen plant resilience by mitigating the effects of salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, pathogens, pests, and weeds. They support plant defense mechanisms through the production of antimicrobial compounds, induction of defense-related biomolecules, and activation of resistance genes. This article provides a thorough review of recent research on the interactions between plant nutrients and AMF. It explores key mechanisms in nutrient uptake, and examines the morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes in plants colonized by AMF. Additionally, the article discusses AMF's crucial role in alleviating biotic stress. By shedding light on these aspects, the review identifies research gaps and suggests future directions. Harnessing AMF's potential can reduce dependence on agrochemicals and promote a more sustainable agricultural system. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Unlocking the Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Exploring Role in Plant Growth Promotion, Nutrient Uptake Mechanisms, Biotic Stress Alleviation, and Sustaining Agricultural Production Systems
(Springer, 2024) Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Sunil Kumar Chongtham; Ayam Gangarani Devi; Pranab Dutta; Manas Ranjan Sahoo; Sansuta Mohanty; Sumit Kumar; Anil K. Choudhary; Elangbam Lamalakshmi Devi; Soibam Sinyorita; Soibam Helena Devi; M. Mahanta; A. Kumari; H. Lembisana Devi; R.K. Josmee; Ayam Pusparani; Neeta Pathaw; Sachin Gupta; Mukesh Meena; Pracheta Janmeda; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Jaya Arora; Abhishek Sahoo; Prashant Swapnil
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic organisms that form intimate relationships with host plants by developing intracellular structures called arbuscules within root cortical cells. They are vital to natural ecosystems, offering a range of ecological benefits. They enhance the uptake and transfer of essential nutrients, influence the composition of fungal and bacterial communities in the soil, and improve soil texture and structure. They also strengthen plant resilience by mitigating the effects of salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, pathogens, pests, and weeds. They support plant defense mechanisms through the production of antimicrobial compounds, induction of defense-related biomolecules, and activation of resistance genes. This article provides a thorough review of recent research on the interactions between plant nutrients and AMF. It explores key mechanisms in nutrient uptake, and examines the morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes in plants colonized by AMF. Additionally, the article discusses AMF's crucial role in alleviating biotic stress. By shedding light on these aspects, the review identifies research gaps and suggests future directions. Harnessing AMF's potential can reduce dependence on agrochemicals and promote a more sustainable agricultural system. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.