Browsing by Author "Chetan Sahni"

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A Bioinformatics Tool for Predicting Future COVID-19 Waves Based on a Retrospective Analysis of the Second Wave in India: Model Development Study
(JMIR Publications Inc., 2022) Ashutosh Kumar; Adil Asghar; Prakhar Dwivedi; Gopichand Kumar; Ravi K. Narayan; Rakesh K. Jha; Rakesh Parashar; Chetan Sahni; Sada N. Pandey
Background: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, health policymakers globally have been attempting to predict an impending wave of COVID-19. India experienced a devastating second wave of COVID-19 in the late first week of May 2021. We retrospectively analyzed the viral genomic sequences and epidemiological data reflecting the emergence and spread of the second wave of COVID-19 in India to construct a prediction model. Objective: We aimed to develop a bioinformatics tool that can predict an impending COVID-19 wave. Methods: We analyzed the time series distribution of genomic sequence data for SARS-CoV-2 and correlated it with epidemiological data for new cases and deaths for the corresponding period of the second wave. In addition, we analyzed the phylodynamics of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in the Indian population during the study period. Results: Our prediction analysis showed that the first signs of the arrival of the second wave could be seen by the end of January 2021, about 2 months before its peak in May 2021. By the end of March 2021, it was distinct. B.1.617 lineage variants powered the wave, most notably B.1.617.2 (Delta variant). Conclusions: Based on the observations of this study, we propose that genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants, complemented with epidemiological data, can be a promising tool to predict impending COVID-19 waves. © Ashutosh Kumar, Adil Asghar, Prakhar Dwivedi, Gopichand Kumar, Ravi K Narayan, Rakesh K Jha, Rakesh Parashar, Chetan Sahni, Sada N Pandey.
An Overview of Clinical Manifestations in Chondrodysplasia Punctata
(Brazilian Society of Anatomy, 2023) J.P. Jessy; Rajesh Kumar; Neerja Rani; Kanchan Kapoor; Mahesh Sharma; Anupriya Kaur; Chetan Sahni
Introduction: chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the punctuate calcifications of long bones epiphyses, cataract, and developmental delay. CDP is associated with inborn errors of metabolism, chromosomal abnormalities, and teratogens. The routine fetal autopsy was performed in 23+1 weeks abortus fetus showed dysmorphic facies, bilateral brachydactyly, and overriding of the toes, and X-ray examination suggested stippling of the epiphysis of long bones. Coronal clefts were seen in the region of the lumbar vertebrae. In this case, genetic counseling was offered to the couple. The diagnosis of CDP on autopsy was made after the radiological examination; hence this case also illustrates the importance of radiology in fetal autopsies. Molecular analysis is required for final diagnosis in such cases. © 2023 Brazilian Society of Anatomy. All rights reserved.
Ayurvedic medicines in alleviating the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in North Indian population: A regional genomic study
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023) Konduru Rama Chandra Reddy; Chetan Sahni; Royana Singh; Hari Chandana; Rohit Sharma
[No abstract available]
Clarifications Regarding “Investigation of Morphological and Biomechanical Properties of the Scapula for Shoulder Joint”; [“Omuz Ekleminde Skapulanın Morfolojik ve Biyomekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi” Hakkında Açıklamalar]
(Galenos Publishing House, 2024) Rajesh Kumar; Dibakar Borthakur; Chetan Sahni
[No abstract available]
Genetic Analysis of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Role of Karyotyping in Understanding Pathogenesis and Management
(Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, 2025) Shivani Mishra; Royana Singh; Sangeeta Rai; Ashish Ashish; Nitish Kumar Singh; Manpreet Kaur; Nargis Khanam; Janhavi Yadav; Chetan Sahni
Introduction: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more spontaneous pregnancy losses within 20–24 weeks of the gestational period, which typically occur in the early stages of pregnancy. Various factors can contribute to RPL, including genetic factors, hormonal imbalances, uterine abnormalities, autoimmune disorders, infections, and lifestyle factors. Materials and methods: This study involved the conventional karyotyping of women facing RPL with the G-banding method and the culture procedure of leukocytes. The statistical analysis was done by IBM SPSS 20 after the biochemical data collection and karyotyping results. Results: The total samples were collected from 160 couples, out of which only 130 were successfully done with conventional karyotyping. It was noted in this study that the genetic rearrangement in female partners was found to be 11.5%, excluding the anatomical, immunogenic, and hormonal factor dysfunctions. The advanced maternal age and primary RPL were found to be more actively causing recurrent miscarriages. Conclusion: These investigations emphasize the importance of genetic analysis in RPL cases, biochemical, and cytogenetic analysis. The karyotyping must be done to rule out any chromosomal rearrangement in male and female partners. The previous family history may indicate the likelihood of carrying chromosomal rearrangements; thus, further study needs to be done in large populations. © (2025), (Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd). All rights reserved.
Genetics Insights into Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Comprehensive Review
(Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, 2024) Shivani Mishra; Chetan Sahni; Sangeeta Rai; Ashish; Royana Singh
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) mainly occurs due to the disorders that cause intrauterine fetal demise or damage, such as fetal, maternal, and paternal chromosomal structural and numerical abnormalities. Approximately, 15–20% of all clinically recognized pregnancies result in the first trimester (before 20 weeks of gestational age) in spontaneous recurrent abortion. Besides all internal factors like Anatomical, immunological, and coagulation factors, genetic factors appear to be most associated with reproductive organ damage and multiple pregnancy loss. Some factors are unexplored as mentioned in the previous research articles, and there is an enormous need to research for establishing the proper etiology and prognosis. This review is all about the various factors responsible for RPL and is mainly focused on the genetic factors involving many unexplored genes associated with recurrent miscarriages. In this review, searched the articles with keywords that were published recently from various journal searches such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) platform. © The Author(s).
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Education of Medical Students
(Brazilian Society of Anatomy, 2022) Chetan Sahni; Deepa Devadas; Amit Kumar Nayak; Royana Singh
Introduction: the virus is changing the world and human lives; medical education is not an exception for this. Anatomy as a medical subject is the substratum in the medical education, which helps the clinicians to prosper their clinical knowledge. The dissection of cadavers during anatomy teaching is a signature learning experience in medical education system. Whole medical education system including anatomical education been impacted by the Covid-19 because of unexpected sudden nation-wide lockdown. The digital switchover in teaching is the only option at present not only for Indian anatomists but throughout the world and was achieved with least delays. This transformation is not easy for students as well as for faculty. Each faculty was trying to deliver the subject knowledge to the pupils however learning anatomy on virtual platform is not an easy task. It has its own ineluctable glitches. In the present questionnaire based cross-sectional study, 93 out of 100 first year students of MBBS 2020-2021 batch (Institute of medical sciences, Banaras Hindu University) had participated. They reported, that their study been affected for 20 days on average. Out of 93 students, 34 students (37%) were not comfortable with online mode of teaching either due to poor internet connectivity or due to lack of good devices and due to unavailability of books and notes at home during lockdown. According to students, online learning mode of Anatomy is much difficult as compared to physical offline mode learning. Not only in anatomy, 69% students were also facing similar problem in learning the subject in biochemistry and physiology. 70% students reported uncertainty of concepts in online teaching, and fear of failure in exam because of not able to understand the certain topics in online teaching mode. © 2022 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Ossification of calcaneal tendon: Plausible role of hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Parul Kaushal; Tara Roy; Tony Jacob; Deep Srivastava; Chetan Sahni; Neerja Rani
Introduction: Tendons may rarely be ossified. The calcaneal tendon (CT) is the largest in the body. The incidence and mechanism of ossification of CT is not known. Material and Methods: We carried out a morphological, radiological, histological, and immunohistochemical study on the CT of 50 (30 - male and 20 - female) human cadavers. Results: The mean length (cm) of the CT was 27.60 ± 2.30 (right) and 27.51 ± 2.60 (left) in males and 25.43 ± 0.77 on both sides in females. The contribution to the formation of the CT from the two heads of gastrocnemius muscle was greater from medial head in 84%, lateral head in 12%, and equal in 4%. On screening the CT by C-arm radiography, slight opacification at the site of insertion of CT (bilaterally) was noted in an elderly male. Large, bilateral opacification was seen in another elderly male cadaver. Well-defined lamellar bone with osteocytes lying in lacunae and bone marrow amid the tendon collagenous tissue was noted in hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections. The osteocytes expressed hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed that the radiological opacification in the CT was ossification that may have been triggered by hypoxia. © 2022 Journal of the Anatomical Society of India | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Genomic Sequences and Their Epidemiological Correlates Regarding the End of the Pandemic: In Silico Analysis
(JMIR Publications Inc., 2023) Ashutosh Kumar; Adil Asghar; Himanshu N. Singh; Muneeb A. Faiq; Sujeet Kumar; Ravi K. Narayan; Gopichand Kumar; Prakhar Dwivedi; Chetan Sahni; Rakesh K. Jha; Maheswari Kulandhasamy; Pranav Prasoon; Kishore Sesham; Kamla Kant; Sada N. Pandey
Background: Emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 worried health policy makers worldwide due to a large number of mutations in its genomic sequence, especially in the spike protein region. The World Health Organization (WHO) designated this variant as a global variant of concern (VOC), which was named “Omicron.” Following Omicron’s emergence, a surge of new COVID-19 cases was reported globally, primarily in South Africa. Objective: The aim of this study was to understand whether Omicron had an epidemiological advantage over existing variants. Methods: We performed an in silico analysis of the complete genomic sequences of Omicron available on the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) database to analyze the functional impact of the mutations present in this variant on virus-host interactions in terms of viral transmissibility, virulence/lethality, and immune escape. In addition, we performed a correlation analysis of the relative proportion of the genomic sequences of specific SARS-CoV-2 variants (in the period from October 1 to November 29, 2021) with matched epidemiological data (new COVID-19 cases and deaths) from South Africa. Results: Compared with the current list of global VOCs/variants of interest (VOIs), as per the WHO, Omicron bears more sequence variation, specifically in the spike protein and host receptor-binding motif (RBM). Omicron showed the closest nucleotide and protein sequence homology with the Alpha variant for the complete sequence and the RBM. The mutations were found to be primarily condensed in the spike region (n=28-48) of the virus. Further mutational analysis showed enrichment for the mutations decreasing binding affinity to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and receptor-binding domain protein expression, and for increasing the propensity of immune escape. An inverse correlation of Omicron with the Delta variant was noted (r=–0.99, P<.001; 95% CI –0.99 to –0.97) in the sequences reported from South Africa postemergence of the new variant, subsequently showing a decrease. There was a steep rise in new COVID-19 cases in parallel with the increase in the proportion of Omicron isolates since the report of the first case (74%-100%). By contrast, the incidence of new deaths did not increase (r=–0.04, P>.05; 95% CI –0.52 to 0.58). Conclusions: In silico analysis of viral genomic sequences suggests that the Omicron variant has more remarkable immune-escape ability than existing VOCs/VOIs, including Delta, but reduced virulence/lethality than other reported variants. The higher power for immune escape for Omicron was a likely reason for the resurgence in COVID-19 cases and its rapid rise as the globally dominant strain. Being more infectious but less lethal than the existing variants, Omicron could have plausibly led to widespread unnoticed new, repeated, and vaccine breakthrough infections, raising the population-level immunity barrier against the emergence of new lethal variants. The Omicron variant could have thus paved the way for the end of the pandemic. © 2023, JMIR Publications Inc.. All rights reserved.
The Impact of Inflammatory Cytokines on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Preliminary Investigation
(Springer Nature, 2025) Shivani Mishra; Ashish Ashish; Sangeeta Rai; Chetan Sahni; Shivam Tiwari; Bhupendra Kumar; Royana Singh
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as two or more consecutive miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation, affects 1–2% of couples worldwide. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 play critical roles in early pregnancy, while anti-inflammatory cytokines like TGF-β and IL-10 promote immune tolerance to prevent harmful inflammatory responses that play important role in placental and fetal development. This aim of the study is to analyse the levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood serum from RPL patients and healthy women (control). The measured cytokines included TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, CRP, ferritin, IL-1β and IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-17. Using an unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation, significant difference observed between the groups. The results had significantly elevated CRP levels with decreased levels of TGF-β and ferritin (p < 0.05), whereas, IL-1β and IL-4 also found raised indicating a link between systemic inflammation and recurrent miscarriages. IL-4 and CRP increase further suggest potential oxidative stress role in RPL cases. However, no significant differences observed in IL-10, IL-6, or TNF-α level between the groups. This study highlights immune dysregulation as possible contributors to early pregnancy loss, with significant increases in CRP, IL-1β, and IL-4 levels indicating an imbalanced immune response at the maternal–fetal interface. These cytokine elevations may disrupt immune tolerance, suggesting the need for further exploration into cytokine interactions in pregnancy and their potential as an investigatory biomarker and therapeutic target in RPL. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society for Reproductive Investigation 2025.