Browsing by Author "Gurudatta Singh"

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A critical review of occurrence, sources, fate, ecological risk, and health effect of emerging contaminants in water and wastewater
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are a diverse group of chemicals that have recently been identified as potential threats to human health and the environment. ECs are typically found at low concentrations (ng/L to ug/L) in water and wastewater, but they can bioaccumulate and biomagnified in the food chain, posing a risk to aquatic life and humans. Sources of these contaminants are diverse, with pharmaceuticals and personal care products entering the environment through human excretion, while industrial chemicals and pesticides are introduced through manufacturing processes and agricultural runoff. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are often unable to remove ECs effectively so that they can increase in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water. The fate of ECs in the environment is complex. It depends on various factors, including the chemical properties of the EC, the environmental conditions, and the presence of other chemicals. ECs can be transported long distances in water and persist in the environment for years or even decades. Developing countries like India have limited information about most of the ECs. The ecological risks of ECs are not fully understood, but there is growing concern that they can have a negative impact on aquatic life and human health. Furthermore, the EC has undergone a detailed risk assessment examination, and the risk quotient (RQ) for different aquatic species with respect to corresponding contaminants is also calculated. Results imply that Paracetamol and Bisphenol-A have high RQ values for algae, fish and daphnia. Algae have shown substantially greater resilience to the action of ECs among the selected aquatic species. © 2024
Airborne heavy metals deposition and contamination to water resources
(Elsevier, 2022) Harshbardhan Kumar; Gurudatta Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra; Ravindra Pratap Singh; Pardeep Singh
Heavy metals are group of metals or metalloids with higher atomic weight, density, and toxicity. These metals occur in a natural background geochemical composition in Earth’s crust, atmosphere and water. But in the past few decades, due to increased anthropogenic activities and emissions, the background level of heavy metals has changed considerably, which has overwhelmed the natural biogeochemical cycling processes of the metals across the Earth’s system. Most of the metals exist in ionic or inorganic form which cannot be further disintegrated like organics and thus persist, accumulate, and get transported from one sphere to another in the interlinked environmental system. They are highly undesirable and of paramount concern because of their toxicity, even at a low concentration, except for some essential metals. Mining, smelting, and refining of metals, industrial processes (electroplating, coating, galvanizing, paint, and spray), coal-based power plant, agriculture activities, and open metallurgical processes are some potential anthropogenic sources of heavy metal emission to atmosphere. Once the metals or metalloids bound particle or vapor emitted to the surrounding atmosphere their fate come under the purview of prevailing meteorology and wind circulation. Their natures of nondegradability add another moment to persist longer in the atmosphere and thus get long-range transported far away from the source region. That eventually scavenged through wet or dry depositional processes over open lands, water bodies and on plant leaves. In aquatic system via physiochemical and biological processes, they get metabolized into ingestible form which may then be taken up by plants and lower living organisms. This chapter will present an overview of in-land emission sources of heavy metals, their advection in the free troposphere and eventually their deposition to aquatic body. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Application of constructed wetlands for the safe and sustainable treatment of emerging contaminants
(Elsevier, 2021) Gurudatta Singh; Deepak Gupta; Reetika Shukla; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Researchers are paying increasing attention to emerging contaminant (EC) residues as potential pollutants because they often have physicochemical behavior that is similar to that of other harmful xenobiotics, which can produce adverse effects. Due to their pseudo-persistence and its biological activity, the ECs (including pharmaceuticals and personal care products) are a major concern for the environment. These contaminants are found in very low concentrations, which renders conventional treatment methods inappropriate. However, many other technologies can be used for the treatment of wastewater (WW), one of which is discussed in this chapter. During the past few years, the planned use of wetlands for meeting WW treatment and water-quality objectives has been seriously studied and implemented in a controlled manner. A constructed wetlands (CW) system for a WW treatment facility involves the use of engineered systems that are designed and constructed to use natural processes. These systems mimic natural wetlands systems by using wetlands plants, soils, and associated microorganisms to remove contaminants from WW effluents. Various research carried out during the last few decades on the performances of the wetlands in treating WW has provided quantitative information that has been used to improve the process’s efficiency through design and operation measures. The removal of emerging pollutants in these wetlands systems relies on a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes that naturally occur in wetlands that are associated with vegetation, sediments, and their microbial communities. CW systems for WW treatment have been proven to be effective, low-cost, and sustainable alternatives to conventional WW treatment technologies. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Appraisal of river water quality based on field observations: A case study on narmada river
(Ecological Society of India, 2020) Deepak Gupta; Reetika Shukla; Mahesh Prasad Barya; Gurudatta Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
The present research is concerned with the evaluation of water quality of the Narmada River. Water samples throughout its stretch right from origin point at Amarkantak to Badwani covering 10 sampling stations with 34 sub-sites of Narmada was sampled for water quality. The physiochemical parameters such as pH (8.38), EC (356 μS cm-1), TDS (252.8 mg l-1), Alkalinity (157.8 mg l-1as CaCO3), Chloride (58.7 mg l-1), Total Hardness (161.9 as CaCO3mg l-1), D.O (4.7 mg l-1), B.O.D (2.4 mg l-1for 5 days at 20 °C), and nitrate (1.8 mg-NO3L-1) were within the permissible limits as prescribed by the regulatory agencies. The interpreted comprehensive pollution index was 0.05-0.11; indicating that the river is clean. © 2020 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Assessing the water quality of River Ganga in Varanasi, India, through WQI, NPI, and multivariate techniques: a comprehensive study
(IWA Publishing, 2024) Gurudatta Singh; Supriya Chaudhary; Deepak Gupta; Virendra Kumar Mishra
In the present research water quality from nine different sampling points (S1–S9) from the River Ganga at Varanasi was examined for different water quality parameters, and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out. Subsequently, several indices, such as water quality index and Nemerow pollution index (NPI), were calculated. The results indicated that the Ganga River at Varanasi had high levels of coliform concentrations, altered pH, and elevated dissolved oxygen/biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand values. The weighted arithmetic water quality index values revealed that sites S8, S9, and S2 were the most polluted and unfit for bathing and drinking. Most of the sampling sites have NPI values greater than 1 for several parameters, indicating high levels of pollution. The study revealed that the water quality is poor for bathing and drinking at most of the sites throughout the year. In addition, the upstream water quality assessment revealed that water quality was good compared with the heavily contaminated downstream region. This knowledge can be useful for environmentalists, policymakers, and water resource managers to develop strategic plans to preserve the cultural and aesthetic worth of the Ganga River in the future. © 2024 The Authors.
Assessment of geochemistry and irrigation suitability of the River Ganga, Varanasi, India: PCA reduction for water quality index and health risk evaluation
(Springer, 2025) Gurudatta Singh; Supriya Chaudhary; Balendu Shekher Giri; Virendra kumar Mishra
Surface water chemistry of the River Ganga at Varanasi was analyzed at 10 locations over 3 years (2019–2021) across pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. The study aimed to assess water parameters using principal component analysis (PCA), calculate the water quality index (WQI), determine processes governing water chemistry, evaluate irrigation suitability, and estimate non-carcinogenic health risks. The physical parameters measured included pH (8.12 ± 0.37, 8.17 ± 0.30, 7.80 ± 0.30), electrical conductivity (EC) (857.58 ± 163.17, 667.17 ± 162.15, 754.46 ± 179.32 µS/cm), total dissolved solid (TDS) (428.98 ± 81.74, 334.99 ± 80.75, 376.14 ± 88.91 mg/L), and total coliform (6201.96 ± 6914.17, 4363.76 ± 3379.98, 6176.53 ± 7080.62 MPN/100 mL) for pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. WQI, based on 9 major parameters via PCA reduction, indicated poor water quality (53–74) across sites and seasons, except for S1, which was rated as good during the monsoon. The major ion concentrations in the samples followed the trend: (bicarbonate) HCO3⁻ (360.20 mg/L) > (chloride) Cl⁻ (59.80 mg/L) > (sodium) Na⁺ (53.10 mg/L) > (calcium) Ca2⁺ (44.61 mg/L) > (sulphate) SO₄2⁻ (43.81 mg/L) > (magnesium) Mg2⁺ (24.50 mg/L) > (potassium) K⁺ (5.20 mg/L) > (phosphate) PO₄3⁻ (2.41 mg/L) > (fluoride) F⁻ (0.52 mg/L), indicating alkaline water. The Piper diagram is dominated by Ca-Mg-HCO3 and mixed SO4-Cl hydrochemical facies, while the Gibbs plot suggested rock-water interaction as the key driver of ion chemistry. Irrigation indices [sodium percentage (Na%); sodium absorption ratio (SAR); Kelly index (Ki); permeability index (PI); magnesium hazard (MH)] indicated suitability for irrigation. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed children were more sensitive to fluoride and chloride ingestion, while teenagers were more affected through dermal exposure. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Biobased technologies for remediation: Green technology for environmental cleanup
(CRC Press, 2022) Anubhuti Singh; Gurudatta Singh; Priyanka Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
[No abstract available]
Bioremediation of organic pollutants: A sustainable green approach
(Elsevier, 2021) Monika Yadav; Gurudatta Singh; R.N. Jadeja
Human activities and natural processes release a large number of organic pollutants, such as hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds, solvents, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and chloroforms, in the environment. These hazardous organic pollutants are a threat to human beings, animals, and the environment. These contaminants provide major technical and economical challenges in their remediation through conventional physicochemical methods. Among so many available remediation methods, bioremediation is one of the most promising techniques for eliminating organic contaminants by using natural resources, such as fungi, bacteria, microbes, and plants. Bioremediation is an attractive alternative to other conventional remediation methods due to its low cost and environmentally friendly methods. It involves several techniques in a hierarchical relationship, including bioreacting, land farming, bioslurping, bioventing, biosparging, and phytoremediation. In this chapter, we discuss current bioremediation methods for the removal of organic contaminants and their advantages and limitations. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Characterization of groundwater potability and irrigation potential in Uttar Pradesh, India using water quality index and multivariate statistics
(IWA Publishing, 2024) Supriya Chaudhary; Gurudatta Singh; Deepak Gupta; Suruchi Singh Maunas; Virendra Kumar Mishra
This study includes groundwater quality data from 290 monitoring sites from 69 districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. The analysis of the data showed that 98.97, 24.48, 52.07, and 68.97% of groundwater samples had concentrations of electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), Mg2þ, and HCO3-, respectively, higher than the maximum permissible limit. Groundwater quality index (GWQI) was calculated for these 290 monitoring sites which revealed that 21 sites (7.24%) had inappropriate GWQI for drinking water, and 18 sites (6.21%) had an unsuitable index for irrigation. Most of the sampling sites (98.97%) showed high EC contents in groundwater with a mean value of 999.33 μS/cm. Fluoride content was found within the permissible limits in 95.52% of the samples, while 4.48% had high concentrations. The use of hierarchical cluster analysis differentiated all the sites into two clusters: one with high pollution and the other with low pollution. Significant correlations exist between physicochemical and irrigation indicators in the correlation matrix. High loadings of EC, TH, Ca2þ, Mg2þ, Naþ, Cl-, and SO42- were identified in the first principal component, which are thought to be pollution-controlled processes from anthropogenic sources. According to the Chadha diagram, CaHCO3 and Ca–Mg–HCl were the two most prevalent chemicals in the water. © 2024 The Authors.
Climate change and its impact on natural resources
(Elsevier, 2021) Jyoti Kushawaha; Sivaiah Borra; Abhishek Kumar Kushawaha; Gurudatta Singh; Pardeep Singh
The places, population, and flora and fauna are at stake because of climate change. Natural resources regulate the economic, social, and cultural lives. Water is a basic need in everyday life, and its cycle is inextricably linked with climate change. The main concern is the changing scenario of the water resources and the factors supporting the condition of water scarcity. Forest resources have a very high value as a maximum of the national population, and the whole tribal community is dependent on the forest resources. Moreover, water itself plays a vital role directly or indirectly to affect the climate change on the oceans including warming, sea-level rise, changes in ocean currents pattern, coastal flooding, ocean acidity, and sea ice. These effects can, in turn, lead to significant changes in regional climate, climate pattern, and human migration. This chapter discusses climate change, its indicators and its impact on natural resources, especially on water, ocean, and forest resources. Moreover, the impact of climate change on water resources is the fundamental concern in this chapter. The industrialization leads to the emergence of employment, economic growth, development, and high living standards, but along with this the climate change poses a fundamental threat to ecology and environment because of the exploitation of the natural resources recklessly. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Contamination removal from waste water using electrochemical approaches
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Priya Yadav; Rahul Prasad Singh; Gurudatta Singh; Hariom Verma; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Praveen Dahiya; Ajay Kumar
Every year, a substantial amount of wastewater from industrial sources is discharged into the environment. To combat this pollution, a variety of techniques are employed for wastewater treatment. Among these methods is electrocoagulation (EC), which utilizes electrochemical reactions to generate coagulant substances on-site by dissolving sacrificial anodes typically made of iron or aluminum. By applying an electric current, EC effectively disrupts and removes suspended, dissolved, or emulsified pollutants. It holds great potential for eliminating a broad spectrum of contaminants, encompassing both organic and inorganic substances, from diverse wastewater types. The efficiency of the EC process depends on multiple parameters, including pH, electrode choice, operation duration, and current density. Nonetheless, EC encounters two primary challenges: electrode passivation and energy consumption. Despite these challenges, EC demonstrates advantages over conventional methods, such as decreased energy requirements and lower operational costs. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.
Different techniques for the removal of endocrine-disrupting compounds in aquatic systems
(Elsevier, 2023) Gurudatta Singh; Monika Yadav; Virendra Kumar Mishra; Ravindra Pratap Singh; Pardeep Singh
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) can harm human health and the environment by interfering with the endocrine system’s normal function. Their persistence in aquatic environments is mostly attributed to insufficient removal by traditional water and wastewater treatment. Due to the fact that these compounds are not entirely eliminated during treatment, their existence is frequently brought about by municipal wastewater discharge. Different routes, such as wastewater discharge and the release of pesticide residues from agricultural activities, might allow EDCs to enter the aquatic environment. Humans could be exposed through contaminated water or seafood intake, while fish and other species could be directly exposed. Researchers have developed alternative treatment techniques because it appears that the traditional treatment approaches have failed to eliminate the persistent EDC contaminants. There is still a dearth of thorough information on the recent developments in the revolutionary treatment techniques that are currently in use and their unique limitations. In this context, various EDC elimination treatments are examined critically and presented in this work. EDCs can be eliminated via a variety of approaches, including physical, chemical, and biological ones. Adsorption and catalytic degradation are two of the treatment approaches’ most obvious advancements. This work discusses the environmental occurrence of EDCs and their potential consequences on human health with a major focus on the removal of these hazardous compounds. Each technique’s benefits and drawbacks are discussed, and its potency in eliminating various kinds of EDCs is assessed. According to the study’s findings, it is crucial to get rid of EDCs in order to safeguard both human health and the environment, and a variety of removal techniques should be used to do so. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Environmental, legal, health, and safety issue of nanocellulose
(Elsevier, 2022) Gurudatta Singh; Syed Saquib; Ankita Gupta; Swati
Excessive anthropogenic needs of various useful yet environmentally harmful materials such as plastic put tremendous pressure on the planet, eventually causing multiple environmental and health impacts. This chapter aims to elucidate and focus onapossible emerging solution-nanocellulose-to curb all such environmental problems. In recent years nanocellulose-based composites have attracted significant scientific community and industrial innovations because of their biocompatible, biodegradable, and high physicochemical properties. Nanocellulose is usually obtained from plants, that is, cellulose nanofibrils and nanocellulosic crystals. Another type of composite is bacterial in origin and known as bacterial cellulose. These materials are nanoscale in size usually ranges from less than 10 to 100 nm in length. Such smaller size and certain physicochemical properties, including mechanical, optical, and thermal properties, make them ideal for various products. Nanocellulose is reported to be extensively used in biomedical devices, biosensors, water pollutant removal, and paper and packaging industries. Despite many positive aspects, the health/safety, environmental, and certain regulatory issues related to nanocellulose production and usage are still debatable among scientists and lawmakers. However, still extensive research is needed to formulateasafe, sustainable, and efficient production and usage of nanocellulose-based innovative materials to obtain an overall sustainable system. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fluoride contamination in groundwater, impacts, and their potential remediation techniques
(wiley, 2021) Monika Yadav; Gurudatta Singh; R.N. Jadeja
Groundwater fluoride contamination has gained the wide attention of researchers in the recent era due to its toxicity, persistent nature, and bioaccumulation. Several pathways input fluoride into water and its enhancing concentration makes water unfit and undesirable for drinking purposes. The availability of fluoride in groundwater is due to fluoride-bearing aquifers, geological factors, ion exchange reaction, and rate of weathering and leaching of subsurface contaminants. Exposure to high concentrations of fluoride may cause fluorosis, as well as affect the human urinary system, renal system, endocrine system, brain, and reproductive systems. The fluoride-contaminated water problem is more serious in India in comparison to other Asian countries. The states of India facing higher fluoride contamination problem are mostly arid and semiarid areas like Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Gujarat. Various methods that are in practice for removing fluoride from contaminated water are adsorption, electrocoagulation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ion-exchange, precipitation/coagulation, etc. The contamination of fluoride in groundwater, their adverse health impacts, and some possible remediation measures from toxicity will be discussed thoroughly in the chapter. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
Impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystem
(Elsevier, 2021) Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Priyanka Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Water is the critical ingredient to all life on the earth, and it is without substitutes. With increasing demands and only a limited supply, freshwater is becoming more and more difficult to come by. Climate change can be defined as the change in time variation of weather over a time period. It is caused due to increasing the temperature, evaporation, precipitation, wind, and variation in solar radiation and human activities also identify the cause of climate change. Climate change identifies one of the major global challenges in the 21st century and its effects on the availability of freshwater. There are several effects of climate changes such as the increase in temperature (increase rate of evaporation, forest fire), melting of ice (increase in flood, adverse effect the migration of fishes) and sea-level rise, the decline in freshwater availability. Many studies have shown climatic change and its impact on the availability of freshwater. The freshwater ecosystem is warming, acidifying, and deoxygenating the consequences of climate change. It experiences low oxygen demands, low pH, and thermal stratification of freshwater. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Incorporation of nanotechnology in wastewater remediation: Advancement and challenges
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Gurudatta Singh; Nisha Yadav; Priya Yadav; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar
Water is a basic human necessity, and its availability is crucial to the growth of every community and any economy. Water pollution and contamination have become widespread problems due to rapid population growth, increasing industrialization, increasing urbanization, and intensive agricultural operations. Diseases spread by drinking water contaminated with harmful bacteria kill millions of people annually. Despite the fact that several wastewater treatment systems have been investigated over the last few decades, their widespread implementation is obstruct by a number of drawbacks. The removal of heavy metals and other impurities from polluted water using nanotechnology has been shown to be a sustainable technique. However, because to high operational expenses, this technique is not commonly employed in waste wastewater treatment plants. Studies are focusing on environmentally friendly methods for production of nanoparticles which have increased in response to rising demand for their use in wastewater treatment, where nanotechnology promises significant cost reducing. It has also been observed that biological techniques of nanoparticle synthesis are promising and cost-effective. It has been proven in certain research that recycled nanoparticles may be used at a lower cost than newly manufactured nanoparticles. In this chapter we will discuss sustainable wastewater treatment with nanomaterials. Nanoparticles (NPs) have characteristics that might make them a viable alternative to traditional approaches in this context. This chapter provides an in-depth look of the NPs now in use for wastewater treatment, the benefits of doing so, the drawbacks of utilizing nanotechnology, and the research needs for commercial applications. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.
Macrophytes for Utilization in Constructed Wetland as Efficient Species for Phytoremediation of Emerging Contaminants from Wastewater
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Priyanka Singh; Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra; Reetika Shukla
Emerging contaminants (EC) are the modern age chemicals that are new to the environment. It includes pharmaceuticals & personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, hormones, artificial sweeteners, industrial chemicals, microplastics, newly discovered microbes and many other manmade chemicals. These chemicals are harmful and having negative impacts on human being and other life forms. Existing treatment systems are ineffective in treating the EC and the treated effluent act as source of pollution to the water bodies. Considering the requirement of new technologies that can remove EC, the Constructed wetlands (CWs) are getting popular and can be a valid option for the treatment of EC. In this context application of macrophytes in CW have increased the removal performance of constructed wetland system. Growing macrophytes in CW have augmented the removal of EC from these systems. In different studies macrophytes supported the removal process of EC in CW and a removal efficiency up to 97% was achieved. This review summarizes the direct and indirect roles of macrophytes in CW in the treatment of EC. Also, it evaluates the success of CW technology, in treating EC, its limitation, and future perspective. The direct role of macrophytes include precipitation on root surface, absorption, and degradation of EC by these plants. Growth of macrophytes in CWs facilitates the uptake EC by the absorption and detoxify them in their cell with the help of enzymatic and hormonal activity which supports the removal of EC in wetland system. Indirect impacts, which appear to be more significant than direct effects, include increased removal of EC through better rhizospheric microbial activity and exudate secretions, which enhances the removal by four times. Thus, this review emphasizes combined application of CW and aquatic macrophytes which augmented the performance of CW for the treatment of EC. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society of Wetland Scientists.
Major impact of global climate change in atmospheric, hydrospheric and lithospheric context
(Springer International Publishing, 2023) Monika Yadav; Hardik Giri Gosai; Gurudatta Singh; Abhilaksha Singh; Arvind Kumar Singh; Ravindra Pratap Singh; R.N. Jadeja
In this century, the rate of global climate change is rapid, and predicted to accelerate in upcoming generation, will significantly impact the Earth's ocean, biodiversity as well as atmosphere. In this chapter, we will discuss the published research on global climate change effects with respect to environmental compo-nents as well as biodiversity and wildlife. The nature is directly affected by climatic variation resulting in environmental refugees in the altered environment. The modifi-cation in growth rates and various physiological functions of plants and animals will be discussed in detail. The shifting in plant distribution patterns and animals with respect to increasing temperature also alters reproduction. Several indirect effects of temperature stress involve community change due to enhanced eutrophication and alteration in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. The coastal areas observe sea level rise effects in terms of variation in tides, enhanced water depth, alteration in movement of water, and increment of seawater intrusion into rivers and estuaries. Elevating the level of carbon dioxide in atmosphere directly increases the amount of CO2 in water of coastal regions. The increment of CO2 has a varied impact that changes with species and environmental circumstances. The effect of global climate change on freshwater ecosystems could be in terms of water quality, water quantity, habitat as well as aquatic biological assemblages. The iden-tification of thresholds and ecological triggers might be utilized for monitoring and improving the climate change-related impacts. The adverse effect of climate change in context with migratory species, challenges throughout their route, and alternation in the pattern have been discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved.
Membrane processes for wastewater treatment
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Gurudatta Singh; Priya Yadav; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Navi Ranjan; Hariom Verma; Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira; Ajay Kumar
In last two decades, rising global population and industrial revolution significantly enhanced the release of waste water in the environment. Accumulation of waste water adversely affects the soil and water ecosystem and ultimately health of human beings. However various traditional methods physiochemical and biological methods have been employed for the wastewater treatment. In general, conventional wastewater treatment methods are successful in eliminating a large portion of degradable organic compounds and suspended solids found in wastewater. Nevertheless, to achieve more advanced treatment and effectively remove the contaminants, membrane separation technology has been considered as one of the effective approach. This chapter briefly describes the different approaches of membrane separation technologies, processes utilized for the waste water management. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.
Occurrence, Fate, and Remediation of Arsenic
(wiley, 2021) Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Reetika Shukla; Jayant Karwadiya; Ankita Gupta; Anam Naheed; Virendra Kumar Mishra
The contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by arsenic (As) is a very sensitive environmental issue due to its adverse impact on organisms. Although arsenic contamination is not only of anthropogenic origin, the problem of arsenic contamination in water sources in many areas has been considered calamitous because of its significant risk to different organisms. Many of the organisms are already suffering from the irreversible effects of arsenic poisoning. The disposal of industrial and mining waste has led to extensive contamination of land and water resources. It also causes a potential problem for food chain contamination. Awareness of arsenic poisoning to the mass majority of people has led to the development of efficient remediation technologies for its mitigation. There are many strategies for remediation such as coagulation-flocculation, membrane techniques, nanoparticles, and many more. In this chapter, different sources of arsenic contamination, health effects, and important management strategies currently being practiced for arsenic-contaminated areas (surface and groundwater) are shown. The chapter concludes with different remediation techniques for the removal of arsenic contaminants from water systems, and some are evolving as alternative green techniques. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.