Browsing by Author "Ingudam Bhupenchandra"

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Bacillus subtilis-Mediated Induction of Disease Resistance and Promotion of Plant Growth of Vegetable Crops
(Springer, 2024) Sumit Kumar; Anjali; R. Arutselvan; Prahlad Masurkar; Udai B. Singh; Ruchi Tripathi; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Tatiana Minkina; Chetan Keswani
Vegetable crops are the major nutrient source of food worldwide and are considered as perishable crops compared to cereal, oilseed, and legume crops. They play a crucial role in daily human life because they contain a plethora of immunity-boosting compounds like vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, and crucial macro- and micronutrients important for human life. India contributes 16% global vegetable crop production, making it as second-largest producer globally. Vegetable crop production is significantly limited because, during their whole lives, they are attacked by an armada of noxious pathogens that reduce quality and quantity as well as suppress the current food supply. Synthetic chemicals are frequently used, which has detrimental impacts on macro- and microflora as well as the environment and human wellbeing. A continuous increment in the population of resistant pathogens to chemicals puts pressure on pathologists to investigate novel, sustainable, and best alternative methods to combat dangerous microbes. From the various kinds of plant disease management prospects, the implication of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, i.e. PGPRs, is becoming an effective substitute strategy worldwide because of their environmentally friendly nature. One of the most promising PGPRs representing sustainable agriculture growth is Bacillus subtilis, which has been suggested as a potential tool for combating harmful vegetable diseases with respect to promoting plant health and growth. B. subtilis has the ability to produce a diverse range of compounds to promote plant growth and suppress pathogen ingression, which makes it a potential candidate. Furthermore, B. subtilis enhances plant immunity against pathogen infection by triggering the response via induced systemic resistance (ISR). Additionally, B. subtilis promotes plant growth via different mechanisms of action, such as nitrogen fixation, phytohormonal production, and phosphate solubilisation. In this chapter, a comprehensive study on the application of B. subtilis has been emphasized, with a focus on uses in the promotion of plant growth and controlling vegetable crop health issues. It would undoubtedly assist vegetable growers in reducing their reliance on agrochemicals while also providing profound perceptions and highlights on the environmentally friendly management of vegetable diseases. Farmers will be benefitted from cost-effective management once they have a better understanding of the management strategy. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Harnessing weedy rice as functional food and source of novel traits for crop improvement
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Sunil Kumar Chongtham; Ayam Gangarani; Pranab Dutta; Elangbam Lamalakshmi; Sansuta Mohanty; Anil K. Choudhary; Anup Das; Konsam Sarika; Sumit Kumar; Yumnam Sonika; Diana Sagolsem; Y. Rupert Anand; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; M. Victoria; S. Vinodh; Chongtham Tania; Adhikarimayum Dhanachandra Sharma; Lipa Deb; Manas Ranjan Sahoo; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Prashant Swapnil; Mukesh Meena
A relative of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), weedy or red rice (Oryza spp.) is currently recognized as the dominant weed, leading to a drastic loss of yield of cultivated rice due to its highly competitive abilities like producing more tillers, panicles, and biomass with better nutrient uptake. Due to its high nutritional value, antioxidant properties (anthocyanin and proanthocyanin), and nutrient absorption ability, weedy rice is gaining immense research attentions to understand its genetic constitution to augment future breeding strategies and to develop nutrition-rich functional foods. Consequently, this review focuses on the unique gene source of weedy rice to enhance the cultivated rice for its crucial features like water use efficiency, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, early flowering, and the red pericarp of the seed. It explores the debating issues on the origin and evolution of weedy rice, including its high diversity, signalling aspects, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping under stress conditions, the intricacy of the mechanism in the expression of the gene flow, and ecological challenges of nutrient removal by weedy rice. This review may create a foundation for future researchers to understand the gene flow between cultivated crops and weedy traits and support an improved approach for the applicability of several models in predicting multiomics variables. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Microbes-mediated integrated nutrient management for improved rhizo-modulation, pigeonpea productivity, and soil bio-fertility in a semi-arid agro-ecology
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Gaurendra Gupta; Shiva Dhar; Adarsh Kumar; Anil K. Choudhary; Anchal Dass; V.K. Sharma; Livleen Shukla; P.K. Upadhyay; Anup Das; Dinesh Jinger; Sudhir Kumar Rajpoot; Manjanagouda S. Sannagoudar; Amit Kumar; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Vishal Tyagi; Ekta Joshi; Kamlesh Kumar; Padmanabh Dwivedi; Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat
Excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers and ignorance to organic and microbial inputs under intensive cropping systems are the basic components of contemporary agriculture, which evolves several sustainability issues, such as degraded soil health and sub-optimal crop productivity. This scenario urges for integrated nutrient management approaches, such as microbes-mediated integrated plant nutrition for curtailing the high doses as chemical fertilizers. Rationally, experiment has been conducted in pigeonpea at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, with the aim of identifying the appropriate nutrient management technique involving microbial and organic nutrient sources for improved rhizo-modulation, crop productivity, and soil bio-fertility. The randomized block-designed experiment consisted nine treatments viz. Control, Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), RDF+ Microbial inoculants (MI), Vermicompost (VC), Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Leaf Compost (LC), VC + MI, FYM + MI, and LC + MI. Rhizobium spp., Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Frateuria aurantia were used as seed-inoculating microbes. The results indicated the significant response of integration following the trend VC + MI > FYM + MI > LC + MI > RDF + MI for various plant shoot-root growth attributes and soil microbial and enzymatic properties. FYM + MI significantly improved the water-stable aggregates (22%), mean weight diameter (1.13 mm), and geometric mean diameter (0.93 mm), soil organic carbon (SOC), SOC stock, and SOC sequestration. The chemical properties viz. available N, P, and K were significantly improved with VC + MI. The study summarizes that FYM + MI could result in better soil physico-chemical and biological properties and shoot-root development; however; VC + MI could improve available nutrients in the soil and may enhance the growth of pigeonpea more effectively. The outcomes of the study are postulated as a viable and alternative solution for excessive chemical fertilizer-based nutrient management and would also promote the microbial consortia and organic manures-based agro-industries. This would add to the goal of sustainable agricultural development by producing quality crop produce, maintaining agro-biodiversity and making the soils fertile and healthy that would be a “gift to the society.” Copyright © 2022 Gupta, Dhar, Kumar, Choudhary, Dass, Sharma, Shukla, Upadhyay, Das, Jinger, Rajpoot, Sannagoudar, Kumar, Bhupenchandra, Tyagi, Joshi, Kumar, Dwivedi and Rajawat.
Sole- or Dual-Crop Basis Residue Mulching and Zn Fertilization Lead to Improved Productivity, Rhizo-modulation and Soil Health in Zero-Tilled Pigeonpea–Wheat Cropping System
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Adarsh Kumar; K.S. Rana; Anil K. Choudhary; R.S. Bana; V.K. Sharma; Gaurendra Gupta; Sudhir K. Rajpoot; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Mukesh Choudhary; Praveen Jakhar; Amit Kumar; Abhishek Kumar; Prabhat Kishore; Amaresh Pradhan; Vishal Tyagi; Kuldeep Kumar
Conventional tillage has led to deteriorated soil health in semi-arid ecologies of south Asia. Sole- and dual-crop basis residue mulching in a predominant pigeonpea-wheat cropping system (PWCS) of the region may boost crop productivity and soil health. Widespread Zn deficiency also invokes for developing sound Zn fertilization practices (ZFPs) for improved Zn bioavailability and crop productivity. We assessed the comparative performance of single- and double-crop basis residue mulching + hydrogel in main plots, and the ZFPs in sub-plots in split-plot design under a zero-tilled PWCS in semi-arid agro-ecology. Dual-crop basis residue mulching + hydrogel exhibited ~ 17.1–22.3% higher system productivity with improved rhizo-modulation and soil health over sole-crop residue mulching and no-residue mulchings in a zero-tilled PWCS. Dual-crop basis residue mulching (8 t ha−1 year−1) + hydrogel (2.5 kg ha−1) maintained significantly higher soil organic carbon (4.4 g kg−1); soil organic carbon stock (9.06 t ha−1); nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients; and soil biological parameters compared to sole-crop residue mulching (4 t ha−1 year−1). Interestingly, soil physico-chemical and biological properties and carbon stock showed an improvement while enhancing residue covering from 4 to 8 t ha−1 year−1 compared to no residues. Among ZFPs, 5 kg Zn ha−1 + Zn solubilizer (Bacillus endophyticus) exhibited 7.4–13% higher system productivity and soil health. Correlation analysis exhibited significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) amongst system-productivity and soil-health parameters. Double-crop basis residue mulching + hydrogel along with 5 kg Zn ha−1 + Zn solubilizer improved the soil health with optimized root development and hence harnessed higher system productivity in PWCS. Likewise, pigeonpea residue mulching proved more beneficial than wheat residue mulching in succeeding crops in realizing higher system productivity and soil health, where otherwise livestock inevitably need crop residues as quality fodder in semi-arid agro-ecologies. © 2021, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo.
Unlocking the Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Exploring Role in Plant Growth Promotion, Nutrient Uptake Mechanisms, Biotic Stress Alleviation, and Sustaining Agricultural Production Systems
(Springer, 2025) Ingudam Bhupenchandra; S. K. Chongtham; Ayam Gangarani Devi; Pranab Dutta; M. R. Sahoo; Sansuta Mohanty; Sumit Kumar; Anil Kumar Choudhary; Elangbam Lamalakshmi Devi; Soibam Sinyorita; Soibam Helena Devi; Madhusmita Mahanta; Arti Kumari; Hidangmayum Lembisana Devi; R. K. Josmee; Ayam Pusparani; Neeta Pathaw; Sachin Gupta; Mukesh Kumar Meena; Janmeda Pracheta; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Jaya Arora; Abhishek Sahoo; Prashant Swapnil
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic organisms that form intimate relationships with host plants by developing intracellular structures called arbuscules within root cortical cells. They are vital to natural ecosystems, offering a range of ecological benefits. They enhance the uptake and transfer of essential nutrients, influence the composition of fungal and bacterial communities in the soil, and improve soil texture and structure. They also strengthen plant resilience by mitigating the effects of salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, pathogens, pests, and weeds. They support plant defense mechanisms through the production of antimicrobial compounds, induction of defense-related biomolecules, and activation of resistance genes. This article provides a thorough review of recent research on the interactions between plant nutrients and AMF. It explores key mechanisms in nutrient uptake, and examines the morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes in plants colonized by AMF. Additionally, the article discusses AMF's crucial role in alleviating biotic stress. By shedding light on these aspects, the review identifies research gaps and suggests future directions. Harnessing AMF's potential can reduce dependence on agrochemicals and promote a more sustainable agricultural system. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Unlocking the Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Exploring Role in Plant Growth Promotion, Nutrient Uptake Mechanisms, Biotic Stress Alleviation, and Sustaining Agricultural Production Systems
(Springer, 2024) Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Sunil Kumar Chongtham; Ayam Gangarani Devi; Pranab Dutta; Manas Ranjan Sahoo; Sansuta Mohanty; Sumit Kumar; Anil K. Choudhary; Elangbam Lamalakshmi Devi; Soibam Sinyorita; Soibam Helena Devi; M. Mahanta; A. Kumari; H. Lembisana Devi; R.K. Josmee; Ayam Pusparani; Neeta Pathaw; Sachin Gupta; Mukesh Meena; Pracheta Janmeda; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Jaya Arora; Abhishek Sahoo; Prashant Swapnil
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic organisms that form intimate relationships with host plants by developing intracellular structures called arbuscules within root cortical cells. They are vital to natural ecosystems, offering a range of ecological benefits. They enhance the uptake and transfer of essential nutrients, influence the composition of fungal and bacterial communities in the soil, and improve soil texture and structure. They also strengthen plant resilience by mitigating the effects of salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, pathogens, pests, and weeds. They support plant defense mechanisms through the production of antimicrobial compounds, induction of defense-related biomolecules, and activation of resistance genes. This article provides a thorough review of recent research on the interactions between plant nutrients and AMF. It explores key mechanisms in nutrient uptake, and examines the morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes in plants colonized by AMF. Additionally, the article discusses AMF's crucial role in alleviating biotic stress. By shedding light on these aspects, the review identifies research gaps and suggests future directions. Harnessing AMF's potential can reduce dependence on agrochemicals and promote a more sustainable agricultural system. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Unraveling the Seed Bio-priming Contours for Managing Plant Health
(Springer, 2024) Sumit Kumar; R. Arutselvan; K. Greeshma; Shrey Bodhankar; A.U. Akash; Vurukonda Sai Shiva Krishna Prasad; Yasser Nehela; Udai B. Singh; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Arnab Sen; Laxman Singh Rajput; Marina Burachevskaya; Tatiana Minkina; Chetan Keswani
From germination to maturity, crops face myriad stresses thereby threatening food security. The foundation of modern agriculture rests on the status of seed health and resilience. Hence, developing highly efficient, low-cost, farmer-friendly, and sustainable approaches for improving seed health and performance under both field and greenhouse conditions. Seed bio-priming with plant beneficial microorganisms (++; mutualistic) improves the physiological, molecular, and stress tolerance functions of the seeds. This process allows the microorganisms adhere to the seed coat and establish an early relationship with the radicle, thereby forming the first line of defense against any external threat. Seeds bio-primed by mutualistic rhizomicroorganisms stimulate plant immunity by inducing the biosynthesis of defense-related proteins, phytohormones, antioxidants, polyphenols, etc. This review maps the various functional and applied aspects of seed bio-priming on the overall plant health under stressed environments. Furthermore, it critically examines the modulation of biochemical and molecular mechanisms for establishing redox homeostasis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Unraveling the Seed Bio-priming Contours for Managing Plant Health
(Springer, 2025) Sumit Kumar; Rameshkumar Arutselvan; Kothur Greeshma; Shrey Bodhankar; A. U. Akash; Vurukonda Sai Shiva Krishna Prasad; Yasser Nehela; Udai B. Singh; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Arnab Sen; Laxman Singh Rajput; Marina V. Burachevskaya; Tatiana Mikhailovna Minkina; Keswani Chetan
From germination to maturity, crops face myriad stresses thereby threatening food security. The foundation of modern agriculture rests on the status of seed health and resilience. Hence, developing highly efficient, low-cost, farmer-friendly, and sustainable approaches for improving seed health and performance under both field and greenhouse conditions. Seed bio-priming with plant beneficial microorganisms (++; mutualistic) improves the physiological, molecular, and stress tolerance functions of the seeds. This process allows the microorganisms adhere to the seed coat and establish an early relationship with the radicle, thereby forming the first line of defense against any external threat. Seeds bio-primed by mutualistic rhizomicroorganisms stimulate plant immunity by inducing the biosynthesis of defense-related proteins, phytohormones, antioxidants, polyphenols, etc. This review maps the various functional and applied aspects of seed bio-priming on the overall plant health under stressed environments. Furthermore, it critically examines the modulation of biochemical and molecular mechanisms for establishing redox homeostasis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Unravelling the multifarious role of wood vinegar made from waste biomass in plant growth promotion, biotic stress tolerance, and sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Sumit Kumar; Mehjebin Rahman; Ali Chenari Bouket; Reza Ahadi; Mukesh Kumar Meena; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Udai B. Singh; Rameshkumar Arutselvan; Ravindra Kumar; Satyendra Pratap Singh; Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap; Ruchi K. Tripathi; Sachin Gupta; Pranab Dutta; undefined Harish; Ramesh Pratap Singh; Prashant Swapnil
The population of the world has increased intensively, and sustainable agriculture practices are important in achieving the zero-hunger goal. The agriculture sector is constantly facing serious problems caused by climate change and the occurrence of pesticide-resistant causal agents. In this context, one of the most crucial eco-friendly approaches, e.g., using plant-derived bioproducts, is gaining more attraction because they have multifarious potential to overcome challenges. Wood vinegar (WV) or pyroligneous acid (PA) is a liquid biomaterial that is produced by the thermo-pyrolysis process of woody biomass and it was defined as a reddish-brown aqueous liquid that contains methanol, acetic acid, tars, and wood oils by the distillation process of woods. PA production and their application in agricultural fields, have attracted more attention recently because they may work as good bio-stimulants, biopesticides, and biofertilizers. Therefore, it may open a novel, promising window for agriculture and food production. PA has a significant role in elevating plant agronomic activities such as seed germination and vigor index, plant growth, nutritional value, and crop yields. This review aims to discuss in detail the following items: 1) The composition of wood vinegar and its production system; 2) Seed priming with the PA process; 3) Investigation of the role of PA in plant growth promotion activities, biocontrol potential, and its applications for alleviating biotic stresses; 4) Describe the molecular mode of action of PA in suppressing plant diseases causal agents and promoting plant immunity through a well-illustrated diagram; 5) Evaluation of PA role in soil physicochemical, biological, and enzymatic activities and its impact on improving compost quality and curtailing emissions of green house gasses; 6) PA different advantages and limitations, as well as future perspectives for its usage and development. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Zinc-solubilizing Bacillus spp. in conjunction with chemical fertilizers enhance growth, yield, nutrient content, and zinc biofortification in wheat crop
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Ramesh Chandra Yadav; Sushil K. Sharma; Ajit Varma; Udai B. Singh; Adarsh Kumar; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Jai P. Rai; Pawan K. Sharma; Harsh V. Singh
Micronutrient deficiency is a serious health issue in resource-poor human populations worldwide, which is responsible for the death of millions of women and underage children in most developing countries. Zinc (Zn) malnutrition in middle- and lower-class families is rampant when daily calorie intake of staple cereals contains extremely low concentrations of micronutrients, especially Zn and Fe. Looking at the importance of the problem, the present investigation aimed to enhance the growth, yield, nutrient status, and biofortification of wheat crop by inoculation of native zinc-solubilizing Bacillus spp. in conjunction with soil-applied fertilizers (NPK) and zinc phosphate in saline soil. In this study, 175 bacterial isolates were recovered from the rhizosphere of wheat grown in the eastern parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain of India. These isolates were further screened for Zn solubilization potential using sparingly insoluble zinc carbonate (ZnCO3), zinc oxide (ZnO), and zinc phosphate {Zn3(PO4)2} as a source of Zn under in vitro conditions. Of 175 bacterial isolates, 42 were found to solubilize either one or two or all the three insoluble Zn compounds, and subsequently, these isolates were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Based on zone halo diameter, solubilization efficiency, and amount of solubilized zinc, six potential bacterial strains, i.e., Bacillus altitudinis AJW-3, B. subtilis ABW-30, B. megaterium CHW-22, B. licheniformis MJW-38, Brevibacillus borstelensis CHW-2, and B. xiamenensis BLW-7, were further shortlisted for pot- and field-level evaluation in wheat crop. The results of the present investigation clearly indicated that these inoculants not only increase plant growth but also enhance the yield and yield attributes. Furthermore, bacterial inoculation also enhanced available nutrients and microbial activity in the wheat rhizosphere under pot experiments. It was observed that the application of B. megaterium CHW-22 significantly increased the Zn content in wheat straw and grains along with other nutrients (N, P, K, Fe, Cu, and Mn) followed by B. licheniformis MJW-38 as compared to other inoculants. By and large, similar observations were recorded under field conditions. Interestingly, when comparing the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of wheat, bacterial inoculants showed their potential in enhancing the NUE in a greater way, which was further confirmed by correlation and principal component analyses. This study apparently provides evidence of Zn biofortification in wheat upon bacterial inoculation in conjunction with chemical fertilizers and zinc phosphate in degraded soil under both nethouse and field conditions. Copyright © 2023 Yadav, Sharma, Varma, Singh, Kumar, Bhupenchandra, Rai, Sharma and Singh.