Browsing by Author "K.P. Singh"

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A conformally non-static perfect-fluid distribution
(Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers, 1974) K.P. Singh; Abdussattar
In this paper a non-static generalization of the Schwarzschild interior solution has been obtained which is conformal to flat space-time. © 1974 Plenum Publishing Company Limited.
A novel amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase incorporated in organically modified sol-gel glass matrix/graphite paste with multiwalled carbon nanotubes
(2010) Ida Tiwari; K.P. Singh; Manorma Singh; B.C. Upadhyay; V.S. Tripathi
We herein report an electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on horseradish peroxidase immobilized in organically modified sol-gel glass (ormosil) with mediator ferricyanide along with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts). The ormosil material is converted to fine powder followed by incorporation within graphite paste electrode. The electrochemistry of redox materials encapsulated within ormosil has been studied. The requirement of mwcnts is examined. The ormosil prepared with optimum concentration of mwcnts shows better redox electrochemistry as compared to that made without mwcnts. The biosensor has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry and chroanoamperometry. The performance, stability, and reproducibility of a new peroxide biosensor are reported. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Abiotic and litter quality control during the decomposition of different plant parts in dry tropical bamboo savanna in India
(1992) S.K. Tripathi; K.P. Singh
Decomposition of leaf, sheath, root, twig, and wood of bamboo and shoot of grass was studied by the litter bag technique in a dry tropical bamboo savanna. All the components excepting wood showed a significant inverse relationship between N in residual material and percent weight remaining. The annual decay constant (k) for the litter types ranged from 0.43 (wood) to 2.76 (sheath), and relative decomposition rate ranged from 0.16 mg g-1 d-1 (wood) to 17.2 mg g-1 d-1 (sheath). -from Authors
An insight review on the application of polymer-carbon nanotubes based composite material in sensor technology
(2009) Ida Tiwari; K.P. Singh; Manorama Singh
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) polymer composites have shown potential applications for sensor/ biosensor fabrication. Methods for preparation, characteristics are highlighted and future aspects are explored. Various analytes and polymeric materials have been cited to prove the importance of polymer/CNT composite systems in sensor technology. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2009.
An ocean wave transformation model for shallow waters
(1998) A.K. Varma; C.M. Kishtawal; Raj Kumar; W.J. Prakash; P.C. Pandey; K.P. Singh
In this paper a coastal wave transformation model is presented. The implementation of different wave theories and the terms for refraction, shoaling, bottom friction, percolation, viscous dissipation and wave breaking are described. A few trial runs of the model have been made with various deep water wave characteristics. The change in characteristics of a shoreward propagating wave is as expected. A comparative study of model derived wave heights with satellite altimeter wave heights is also done. It is found that model derived wave heights follow the same trend as altimeter wave heights, and thus confirms the validity of the model for estimation of shallow water wave heights.
Antioxidant phytochemicals in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata)
(2006) Jagdish Singh; A.K. Upadhyay; A. Bahadur; B. Singh; K.P. Singh; Mathura Rai
Eighteen different cabbage cultivars were assayed for variability between the cultivars for the antioxidant phytonutrients. The Vitamin C content ranged from 5.66 to 23.50 mg/100 g fresh weight. The maximum Vitamin C content was recorded in cultivar Sprint Ball (23.50 mg/100 g), followed by cv. Gungaless (12.86 mg/100 g). The β-carotene content in cabbage ranged from 0.009 to 0.124 mg/100 g fresh weight. The maximum β-carotene content was recorded in cv. Quisto (0.124 mg/100 g), followed by Green Challenger (0.115 mg/100 g) and Rare Ball (0.114 mg/100 g). The minimum values for β-carotene was noted in cv. Pusa Mukta (0.009 mg/100 g). Lutein content was also recorded in the cabbage cultivars, which ranged from 0.021 to 0.258 mg/100 g fresh weight. Maximum lutein content was recorded in Quisto (0.258 mg/100 g) and minimum in Pusa Mukta (0.021 mg/100 g). Vitamin E (dl-α-tocopherol) was estimated only in 14 cabbage cultivars, which ranged from 0.030 to 0.509 mg/100 g fresh weight. Maximum α-tocopherol content was recorded in Rare Ball (0.509 mg/100 g) and minimum in Green Cornell (0.030 mg/100 g). Total phenol content was also estimated only in 14 cultivars and the values ranged from 12.58 to 34.41 mg/100 g fresh weight. Amongst the three different cultivated forms of cabbage, red cabbage had higher Vitamin C (24.38 mg/100 g), dl-α-tocopherol (0.261 mg/100 g) and phenolic content (101.30 mg/100 g) as compared to the white cabbage and savoy cabbage. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Application of microwave remote sensing in the detection of buried objects
(Publ by IETE, 1994) P.K. Mukherjee; S.K. Sharma; K.P. Singh
The detection of buried objects by electromagnetic waves have been carried out by using active microwave remote sensor at 9.50 GHz. We have taken various objects to accommodate various degree of contrast level as far as the dielectrics and conductivities are concerned with the surrounding medium taken as sand in the present study. Measurements were performed with the help of monostatic active microwave scatterometer. Scattering measurements of buried objects were done along the x- and y-axis assuming xy-plane parallel to the surface of the earth. Calculations have been done for the values of relative amplitude from the knowledge of the back-scattered and incident signals. The original and the observed sizes and shapes of objects have been shown for comparison. The results are very encouraging as far as the detected shapes are concerned as they have been found very close to the actual objects. The role of such detection in designing microwave remote sensors as a payload for future remote sensing satellites are outlined.
Arthrobotrys oligospora-mediated biological control of diseases of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) caused by Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani
(2013) U.B. Singh; A. Sahu; N. Sahu; R.K. Singh; S. Renu; D.P. Singh; M.C. Manna; B.K. Sarma; H.B. Singh; K.P. Singh
Aims: To study the biocontrol potential of nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora in protecting tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) against Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani under greenhouse and field conditions. Methods and Results: Five isolates of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora isolated from different parts of India were tested against Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants grown under greenhouse and field conditions. Arthrobotrys oligospora-treated plants showed enhanced growth in terms of shoot and root length and biomass, chlorophyll and total phenolic content and high phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in comparison with M. incognita- and R. solani-inoculated plants. Biochemical profiling when correlated with disease severity and intensity in A. oligospora-treated and untreated plants indicate that A. oligospora VNS-1 offered significant disease reduction in terms of number of root galls, seedling mortality, lesion length, disease index, better plant growth and fruit yield as compared to M. incognita- and R. solani-challenged plants. Conclusion: The result established that A. oligospora VNS-1 has the potential to provide bioprotection agents against M. incognita and R. solani. Significance and Impact of the Study: Arthrobotrys oligospora can be a better environment friendly option and can be incorporated in the integrated disease management module of crop protection. Application of A. oligospora not only helps in the control of nematodes but also increases plant growth and enhances nutritional value of tomato fruits. Thus, it proves to be an excellent biocontrol as well as plant growth promoting agent. © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology.
Artificial culture of Catenaria anguillulae from monosporangial zoospores
(1989) K.P. Singh
A technique for obtaining pure cultures of Catenaria anguillulae in artificial medium using zoospores from a single sporangium from second stage infected larvae of Heterodera cajani or Meloidogyne javanica is described. © 1989, British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
Assessment of predacity and efficacy of Arthrobotrys dactyloides for biological control of root knot disease of tomato
(2006) D. Kumar; K.P. Singh
Five isolates of Arthrobotrys dactyloides were isolated from different locations of India and their in vitro predacity was tested against Meloidogyne incognita (J2), Tylenchorhynchus brassicae and Hoplolaimus indicus. All isolates of A. dactyloides captured and killed M. incognita and T. brassicae but not H. indicus. The isolates also differed in their predacity of the first two nematode species. The application of mass culture of A. dactyloides in soil infested with 2000 juveniles of M. incognita per 'kg' before planting of tomato seedlings reduced the number of root knots by 5.6-45.6%, of females by 44.7-72.9%, of egg masses by 44.5-51.3% and of juveniles by 37.9-81.8% and increased the plant growth in a pot experiment. The effect of this fungus as biocontrol agent was enhanced when its mass culture was applied with cow dung manure, which reduced the number of root knots by 61.7-66.6%, of females by 80.6-94.7%, of egg masses by 80.3-89.6% and of juveniles by 68.1-88.0%. © 2006 Blackwell Verlag.
Behavioural alterations in rats induced by single prenatal exposure of haloperidol
(1998) K.P. Singh; A.K. Jaiswal; M. Singh; S.K. Bhattacharya
Haloperidol (50 mg/kg, ip) treatment was given once to two different groups of pregnant Charles Foster rats on gestational day 9 and 14, these being respectively the critical periods of neural morphogenesis and rapid neural cell proliferation in this species. Pregnant control rats were similarly treated with equal volume of vehicle. The pups born were subjected to open- field exploratory behaviour and elevated plus-maze behaviour tests of anxiety and learned helplessness test of depression at 9 weeks of age. The results indicate that prenatal haloperidol treatment on gestational day 14 induces a significant increase in open-field ambulation and faecal droppings whereas haloperidol treatment on gestational day 9 caused significantly decreased rearing and unaltered ambulation in rat offsprings. Rat offsprings treated with haloperidol on gestational day 9 and 14 also displayed significant anxiogenic behaviour pattern on elevated plus-maze. Significantly increased number of escape failures were observed in learned helplessness tests indicating presence of depression in haloperidol treated rat offsprings. These behavioural alterations were found to be more marked in rat offsprings treated with haloperidol on gestational day 14. The results suggest that prenatal single exposure of high dose of haloperidol during critical period of neural cell proliferation leaves a lasting imprint on offsprings resulting in abnormal emotional state.
Bioefficacy of spore suspensions and mass culture of Dactylaria brochopaga on Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood causing root-knot disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
(2011) Kumar Niranjan; K.P. Singh
An experiment was conducted in the laboratory to study the induction of predatory rings and predacity test of isolates of Dactylaria brochopaga against second stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne incognita. Another experiment was also conducted in pots to study the effect of D. brochopaga (isolate D) on the management of root-knot disease of tomato. Isolate D of D. brochopaga showed maximum induction of predatory rings and in turn, trapped maximum number of second stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita in duel culture in laboratory test. For pot experiments, the promising isolate D among five isolates of D. brochopaga was grown on sorghum grains for its mass culture. The bioefficacy of spore suspensions and mass culture of D. brochopaga (isolate D) was studied with and without Cow Dung Manure (CDM) on root-knot, population of M. incognita and growth of tomato plants. The application of mass culture at 1%, its undiluted and diluted (10 times) spore suspension in soil infested with 1500 juveniles of M. incognita per 1000 g before planting of tomato seedlings, increased the plants growth and reduced the number of root-knots by 28.69-55.36%, of females by 25.52-49.41%, of egg masses by 20.53-54.40% and of juveniles by 30.61-54.83% in pot experiments. The bioefficacy of the fungus as nematode antagonist was enhanced when its spore suspensions and mass culture were applied with CDM which reduced the number of root-knots by 49.27-75.36%, of females by 38.87-69.32%, of egg masses by 47.04-77.20% and of juveniles by 51.87-76.09%. Furthermore, spore suspensions of the fungus also enhanced the growth of tomato plants and reduced the population of M. incognita significantly. © 2011 Academic Journals Inc.
Biomass and net production of teak plantations in a dry tropical region in India
(1992) S.B. Karmacharya; K.P. Singh
In an age series of teak plantations (4, 14 and 30 years old), raised in a dry tropical region in northern India, an analysis of the standing crop biomass and aboveground net production was made through non-descructive methods. Allometric regressions were developed relating girth to weights of bole wood, bole bark, branch, leaf and inflorescence. Annual girth increments were recorded. The aboveground biomass ranged from 25.7 to 76.9 t ha-1. The proportion of woody biomass was 56% of the total at 4 years, increasing to 91% of the total by 30 years. On the contrary, the proportion of leaf biomass decreased from 34% of the total at 4 years to 7% at 30 years. Very high aboveground net production was obtained at 4 years (25.6 t ha-1 year-1), but net production decreased with age (14 and 12.9 t ha-1 year-1 at 14 and 30 years). The share of bole decreased from 54% of total net production at 4 years to 44% of the total at 30 years, with increase in age much less dark than wood was produced. The reproductive parts comprised 2% of biomass but accounted for 9% of net production at 30 years. At 30 years these plantations attained the level of biomass and net production found in uneven-aged natural dry deciduous forests of the same region. © 1992.
Biomass of nematode and associated roots: A determinant of symptom production in root knot disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(2006) K.P. Singh; R.K. Jaiswal; N. Kumar; D. Kumar
The biomass of Meloidogyne graminicola developing in rice roots was studied in relation to the expression of disease symptoms. The biomass of invading second stage juveniles (0.09 μg) increased to 33 μg on day 16 when adult females were in advance egg laying stage, with an increase of approximately 360-fold. Initiation of leaf yellowing was related to the ratio between total nematode and total root biomass of rice seedlings. Plants with nematode-to-root biomass ratios above 1:161 did not show any symptom while those with ratios between 1:138 and 1:121 exhibited yellowing. Plants with nematode-to-root biomass ratios between 1:115 and 1:60 showed moderate stunting while those with ratios between 1:43 and 1:20 exhibited severe stunting. The wilting symptoms occurred at or below 1:14 nematode-to-root biomass ratio. The yellowing of leaves in seedlings inoculated with graded inocula was expressed when the nematode-to-root biomass ratios reached to 1:136 on day 15 at 1000 J 2, 1:138 on day 9 at 3000 J2, 1:134 on day 7 at 6000 J2 and 1:129 on day 5 at 9000 J2 per pot. In rice nurseries, seedlings showing moderate stunting, severe stunting, wilting and wilting with single gall recorded nematode-to-root biomass ratios of 1:92, 1:20, 1:12 and 1:14 respectively. In severely stunted transplanted rice, the nematode-to-root biomass ratio ranged from 1:84 to 1:75. © 2006 The Authors.
Biomass production in selected tree species raised on coal mine spoil in a dry tropical region in India [6]
(1998) P.K. Singh; K.P. Singh
[No abstract available]
Bistatic microwave remote sensing of kidney bean at 9.89 GHz
(IEEE, 1997) R. Prasad; S.K. Sharma; K.P. Singh
Indigenously designed experimental studies have been carried out to study the microwave signatures of kidney bean which is a type of vegetable crop. An outdoor observation crop-bed was prepared in the vicinity of the Department of Electronics Engineering, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University. For this study, a bistatic microwave scatterometer was employed to work in X-band of the frequency spectrum. Observations were carried out for the several growth stages of kidney bean. From the collected data, brightness temperature (TB) and the scattering coefficient (σo) were computed and their dependence on look angle were analyzed. The dependence of these parameters on look angle, polarization and moisture.
Catenaria anguillulae as an efficient biological control agent of Anguina tritici in vitro
(2012) K.P. Singh; S.S. Vaish; Niranjan Kumar; K.D. Singh; Minakshi Kumari
During the course of our investigation on the selective isolation and pathogenicity tests of Catenaria anguillulae against plant parasitic nematodes, actively motile second stage juveniles (J 2s) of Anguina tritici obtained from wheat galls collected from Leh, Kashmir, India were found to be severely infected by zoospores of this fungus. The motile J 2s of A. tritici suffered nearly 82% mortality at 31±1°C after 24h of exposure while the mortality decreased to 77% at 20±1°C on the 6th day. Pathogenicity trial of 13 isolates of C. anguillulae against the motile J 2s revealed that this nematode is highly susceptible to infection. Comparative susceptibility of the plant parasitic nematodes to C. anguillulae further revealed that the fungus is more virulent to A. tritici than the other nematodes. These findings firmly established that the C. anguillulae is a highly virulent biological control agent of A. tritici which resolved the controversial issue about its virulence against a nematode belonging to order Tylenchida. Motile and non-motile J 2s of A. tritici are equally good for the selective isolation of C. anguillulae. However, larger sporangia are produced in the motile J 2s, hence, motile J 2s should be preferred over the non-motile ones. Observations of the developmental stages of C. anguillulae in living J 2s of A. tritici revealed that the development from zoospore colonization to release of zoospores from mature sporangia was completed in 22-24h at 31±1°C, whereas, at 20±1°C the developmental stages were greatly delayed requiring 72-75h for zoospore liberation. Pathogenicity and development of C. anguillulae in living J 2s of A. tritici also proved that the fungus is a wonderful experimental tool which can be used as an example of excellent biological control in the class room. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
Catenaria anguillulae Sorokin: A natural biocontrol agent of Meloidogyne graminicola causing root knot disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(2007) K.P. Singh; R.K. Jaiswal; Niranjan Kumar
Catenaria anguillulae parasitized and killed the eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne graminicola under natural conditions. The percentage of infection in eggs was higher than J2 of M. graminicola, which ranged between 0-50.3% and 0-18.9% in 2004 and 0-46.6% and 0-21.7% in 2005, respectively. The higher parasitism of eggs and J2 was recorded from those fields in which plants were severely infected with M. graminicola. The degree of parasitism of eggs and J2 by C. anguillulae varied with severity of root knot disease. The fields with a higher root gall index recorded a higher percentage of infection in eggs and J 2 of M. graminicola. In general, old galls when teased and incubated, recorded higher parasitism of eggs and juveniles than young galls. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Characterization of H3PO4 based PVA complex system
(Elsevier, 1996) P.N. Gupta; K.P. Singh
In this communication, thin films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) complexed with H3PO4 of different stoichiometric ratios have been characterized using various experimental techniques, namely IR, NMR and X-Ray Diffraction. Comparing the characteristic behaviour of pure and complexed PVA, it is observed that there is appearance of a new spectral band (IR), some new atomic planes in addition to variation in relative intensity (X-ray diffraction) and change in chemical shift along with change in intensity (NMR) which all confirm the formation of PVA-H3PO4 complexes. It is found that the amorphous character of PVA complexes increases with H3PO4 concentration which governs the magnitude of conductivity of polymer complexes. The ionic transference number of mobile ions has been estimated by Wagner's polarization method and the value is reported to be tion ≃ 0.97. The Transient Ionic Current (TIC) measurement technique has been used to detect the type of mobile species and to evaluate their mobilities. The mobility of H+ cation has been calculated and found to be μH . ≃ 1.3 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1.
Concentration and release patterns of nutrients (N, P and K) during decomposition of maize and wheat roots in a seasonally-dry tropical region
(1989) K.P. Singh; Chandra Shekhar
Maize and wheat roots, enclosed in fine- (3 μ m) and coarse- (1 mm pore) mesh bags, were buried in soil in their respective post-harvest seasons. In all instances the N and P concentrations within the bags increased with time except for an initial decrease during the first few months. Concentrations of N and P were always higher in fine-mesh bags than in coarse-mesh bags. The nutrient concentrations in maize were higher in case of roots buried at 12.5 cm than at 5 cm depth. However, the absolute amount of N, P and K in the residual root mass decreased with time in all instances. Nutrient release rates were always greater in roots confined in coarse-mesh bags, suggesting a significant role for the soil fauna. The total release time for the various nutrients was about twice as long for wheat roots compared to maize roots. © 1989.