Browsing by Author "M.K. Vishwakarma"

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Enhanced resistance in wheat against stem rust achieved by marker assisted backcrossing involving three independent Sr genes
(Elsevier, 2015) Punam S. Yadav; V.K. Mishra; B. Arun; R. Chand; M.K. Vishwakarma; N.K. Vasistha; A.N. Mishra; I.K. Kalappanavar; Arun K. Joshi
Marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) was used to transfer the three stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici) resistant genes Sr25, SrWeb and Sr50 into the popular Indian wheat cv. HUW234. The donor was the CIMMYT breeding line PMBWIR4, and each of the target genes was marked by a simple PCR assay. A three step screening strategy was adopted: the first screen comprised foreground selection, the second used markers lying close to the introgression borders to reduce the extent of linkage drag, and the last was background selection based on 149 informative microsatellite assays. Based on the background selection outcomes, at the BC1F1 generation the proportion of the genome fixed for cv. HUW234 alleles ranged from 55% to 67%. Three BC1F1 individuals were crossed a second time with cv. HUW234, resulting in the identification of six BC2F3 families carrying all three target Sr genes; the proportion of their genome inherited from cv. HUW234 ranged from 86% to 92%. BC2F4 and BC2F5 material was planted at three different locations under both disease-free and artificially induced epiphytotic conditions. Compared to recurrent parent, the improved versions of cv. HUW234 displayed significantly superior resistance to stem rust, and their agronomic performance was as good as, or even marginally better than that of the source cultivar. © 2015.
Morphological and molecular characterization of cajanus scarabaeoides and cajanus cajanifolius related CMS lines in pigeonpea
(Plant Archives, 2016) S.K. Saroj; M.K. Vishwakarma; V.K. Mishra
With the aim to quantify diversity among 12 genotypes comprising six stable CMS lines and their maintainers derived from inter-specific crosses viz., C. scarabaeoides × C. cajan and C. cajanifolius × C. cajan. These lines were assessed with morphological features and 20 genic microsatellite markers. The selected SSR primers showed a high level of polymorphism, as their corresponding polymorphism information content value ranging from 0.58 to 0.72 with average PIC of 0.68. All the 12 genotypes representative of wild and cultivated species, clustered into five distinct major groups mostly based on the interspecific differences. This study showed ICPA 2043 and ICPB 2043 were most similar with 0.00 distances. While, GT 33A was showed high distance with all other genotypes. This study would accelerate the hybrid breeding program and improvement of both varieties and hybrids in pigeonpea. Particularly, this study would be helpful to restorer identification through marker assisted breeding as well as exploitation of cytoplasmic male sterile lines with three line breeding system in pigeonpea.
Mutagenic effects of gamma rays and EMS IN M1 and M2 generations in two traditional genotypes of aromatic rice (oryza Sativa L.)
(DAV College, 2017) Satish Kumar. Chakravarti; Sanjeev Singh; C.N. Ram; M.K. Vishwakarma; Gauri Shankar Verma
With the aim to know immediate effect of mutagenic treatment in two traditional non Basmati rice varieties viz. Kalanamak and Badshah Bhog, in terms of biological damage. We examined reduction in seeds germination, root and shoot length, plant survival at maturity, pollen fertility and grain yield in M1 generation. Most of the mutagenic treatments severely affected the genotypes, Kalanamak and Badshah Bhog both. A dose dependent increased in biological damage was observed in most of the mutagenic treatment and maximum biological damaged was caused by 40 kR gamma rays + EMS (0.2%) followed by 30kR gamma rays+EMS(0.2%) treatment, while minimum at 10kR gamma rays. Biological damage was relatively more in Badshah Bhog as compared to genotype Kalanamak. A linear relationship was observed between doses of gamma ray and damage in different biological parameters, such as, plant survival at maturity, root and shoot growth, pollen fertility as well as grain yield. The mutagenic efficiency was found maximum at 0.2% EMS in Kalanamak and Badshah Bhog and the mutagenic effectiveness was found maximum at 10 kR gamma rays in both the varieties Kalanamak and Badshah Bhog.
Studies on genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and yield contributing traits in wheat (T. Aestivum L. Em Thell.)
(2012) D.K. Baranwal; V.K. Mishra; M.K. Vishwakarma; Punam S. Yadav; B. Arun
A study was undertaken to analyze the genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and yield contributing traits in twenty four wheat genotypes grown at BHU Agricultural Farm, during Rabi season of 2010-11. Wide genetic variation was observed among genotypes for days to heading, plant height, tillers per m2 and grains per spike. Considering genetic parameters, high genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) was observed for grains per spike, peduncle length, plant height whereas, low GCV was observed for days to heading, chlorophyll content and tillers per m2. In all cases, phenotypic variances were higher than the genotypic variances. High heritability with low genetic advance in per cent of mean was observed for days to heading which indicated the involvement of non-additive gene action for the e×pression of this character and selection for such trait might not be rewarding. High heritability with high genetic advance in per cent of mean was observed for peduncle length and grains per spike indicating that these traits were under additive gene control and selection for genetic improvement for these traits would be effective. Yield per plot had high positive and significant correlation with tillers per m2 and 1000-grain weight. Path coefficient analysis revealed ma×imum direct contribution towards yield per plot with sheath length followed by grains per spike.