Browsing by Author "Mandavi Singh"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 28

Antifungal activity of neem (Azardirachta indica) toddy
(2010) U.P. Singh; S. Maurya; Amitabh Singh; Mandavi Singh
Neem (Azardirachta indica) is regarded as 'village pharmacy' in India due to its enormous use in the Indian villages as a folk medicine. Its different parts have been explored scientifically, except 'Neem toddy', which is a white secretion that exudes from the angle formed between the two major branches of old neem trees. The exact age of the tree upon the secretion of this white fluid is not known, nor why such a secretion occurs. It is normal, though rare, for such secretions to occur in old trees. The taste of neem toddy is bitter. The white milky liquid secretion, the 'neem toddy', was collected from the tree and assayed for the presence of phenolic acids by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The phenolic acids detected were caffeic, vanillic, o-coumaric, cinnamic and salicylic acids. It was further fractionated by ethyl acetate and this fraction was tested against some fungi for antifungal activity. It was observed to be highly antifungal in vitro. Field experiments also showed its high efficacy against balsam (Impatiens balsamina) powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum). © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
Antimicrobial efficacy, disease inhibition and phenolic acid-inducing potential of chloroform fraction of cow urine
(2012) Udai Pratap Singh; Sudarshan Maurya; Amitabh Singh; Gopal Nath; Mandavi Singh
High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of chloroform fraction (CF) of cow urine showed rich pool of phenolic acids. Antifungal and antibacterial bioassays of CF have shown its tremendous efficacy against some fungal plant pathogens as well as human pathogenic bacteria at very low concentrations. The CF also inhibited powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) of balsam (Impatiens balsamania) under field conditions during pre- and post-inoculation treatments. HPLC analysis of pre- and post-inoculation-treated plant leaves indicated that CF induced phenolic acid synthesis as compared to control. The results revealed that CF of cow urine has the potential for controlling some important human diseases. The result on balsam powdery mildew is a good signal that CF may also be effective against other plant diseases in the field. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Behavioural effects of prenatal diazepam administration on anxiety patterns in rats
(1996) Yogita Singh; Arun K. Jaiswal; Mandavi Singh; Salil K. Bhattacharya
Diazepam (10 mg/kg, ip) treatment was given from day 13 to 20 of gestation to pregnant rats, this being the critical period for neural development in this species. The pups born were subjected to open-field exploratory behaviour, tunnel-board exploratory behaviour, elevated zero maze behaviour and social interaction tests at 8-9 weeks of age. The results indicate that prenatal diazepam treatment induced a significant increase in open-field ambulation, grooming, scratching and licking/washing, whereas rearing and faecal dropping remain unchanged. Significant reduction in tunnel-board exploratory activity, activity on zero-maze and social interaction were also observed in the prenatally diazepam treated offsprings. The results suggests that prenatal interference in the form of diazepam leaves a lasting imprint on offsprings resulting in hyper-emotional responsiveness and anxiety state.
Characterization of phenolic compounds in some Indian mango cultivars
(2004) U.P. Singh; D.P. Singh; Mandavi Singh; S. Maurya; J.S. Srivastava; R.B. Singh; S.P. Singh
Mangoes (Mangifera indica) are rich in phenolic acids as detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The phenolics have prominent medicinal properties. Among six important commercial mango cultivars (Deshi, Langra, Chausa, Mallika, Dashahari and Amrapali) tannic acid was maximal in Mallika, while gallic acid was maximal in Chausa and all other varieties. Caffeic acid was maximal in Langra followed by Chausa and Amrapali. Many of the pharmacological properties attributed to mango might be due to the presence of phenolic acids in fairly significant amounts. © 2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd.
Chemotaxonomic variability in Zizyphus mouritiana varieties and its pharmacological properties in relation to human health
(2007) D.P. Singh; S. Maurya; S.P. Singh; Mandavi Singh; U.P. Singh
Twenty varieties of ber (Zizyphus mouritiana), namely umaran, katha, bilayati, kaithli, ZG-3, gola, safeda rohtak, takadi, tikari, banarasi karaka, seo, sonaur-2, sonaur-3, ilaichi, mundia murahra, pathan, kakrola gola, seb, golden yellow and chhuhara, were investigated for the presence of phenolic acids in stem bark, leaves and fruits using high performance liquid chromatograph. Results indicated the presence of tannic (retention time (Rt.) 2.76 min), gallic (Rt. 2.86 min), caffeic (Rt. 3.12 min), vanillic (Rt. 3.26 min), ferulic (Rt. 3.42 min), chlorogenic (Rt. 4.16 min) and cinnamic acids (Rt. 4.45 min) in varying amounts in different parts in of these varieties. In fruits of seven varieties, namely, kaithly, sonaur-2, sonaur-3, mundia murahra, pathan, golden yellow and chhuhara, oxalic acid (Rt. 3.00 min) was also detected. Pharmacological properties of phenolic acids of fruits in relation to human health and the possible implications of different phenolic acids in chemotaxonomy of different varieties of ber are discussed. © 2008 by Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved.
Conjoined twins cephalopagus Janiceps monosymmetros: A case report
(2003) Mandavi Singh; K.P. Singh; Pragya Shaligram
BACKGROUND: We present an extremely rare case of Janiceps type of female cephalopagus conjoined twins. Various pathological mechanisms that may be responsible for abnormal morphological development (limited to the conjoined part and normal morphological development in free lower abdomen and pelvis) are discussed. METHODS: Conjoined twins were obtained from a hospital, fixed in formalin, and dissected to observe and report the abnormalities present. RESULTS: Anatomical features included development of normal face on one side, rudimentary face (two pinna only) on the opposite side, two cerebra each connected to the eye ball of its own side by optic nerve without any chiasma formation, two brain stems, two spinal cords, normally developed vertebral columns, four upper limbs, four lower limbs, a single shared foregut and small intestine up to Meckel's diverticulum beyond which it duplicated for the two twins, patent large intestines and anal canals. The genitourinary system was developed normally in both twins. The heart of one twin was relatively hypoplastic with the lungs. The liver was herniated on one side and the other side it was hypoplastic without any herniation. Gall bladder was absent on both sides. Conjoined hepatic ducts from both livers and the only pancreatic duct drained into esophagogastric junction. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the development of upper abnormally conjoined parts and lower normally developed parts of the body of both the twins may be attributed to the factors associated with variable degrees of the conjoining, dysgenetic (developmental) defects, and deformations because of crowding in utero. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of 50-Hz powerline exposed magnetized water on rat kidney
(2004) Mandavi Singh; U.P. Singh; K.P. Singh; Anand Mishra
Double distilled water samples were exposed for 48 hr. to 50 Hz-powerline electromagnetic field (EMF) strength of 51.2 μT (36.2 RMS). This EMF exposed water was made available to experimental adult Charles-Foster male rats for drinking ad libitum for 30 days. On the 31st day the rats were anaesthetised with ether and then fixed by perfusion with 10% neutral formalin. The Kidneys were dissected out and further fixed in the same fixative. The corresponding control rats provided with unexposed triple distilled water were similarly treated. On gross examination, no anomaly was observed in the kidney of the exposed group. On histological examination, marked spongiform changes leading to degeneration and compensatory proliferation of the glomerular tufts and degeneration of the lining epithelia of the tubules was observed. This study adds a link in demonstrating that powerline exposure induces stable changes in water structures and effects biomechanisms of tissue fluid.
Effect of 50-Hz-powerline-exposed water on hematological parameters in rats
(2003) Mandavi Singh; R.S. Garbyal; K.P. Singh; U.P. Singh
Double distilled water samples were exposed for 24 hr and 48 hr to 50 Hz-powerline electromagnetic field (EMF) strength of 51.2 μT (36.2 RMS). This EMF exposed water was made available to experimental adult Charles-Foster male rats for drinking ad libitum for 90 days. Blood samples were collected on day 0 (base line), 30, 60, and 90. Hematological parameters (e.g., total leukocyte counts [TLC], differential leukocyte counts [DLC], and platelet counts) were analyzed statistically. There was significant increase in TLC platelet counts on day 30, whereas significant reduction was observed on day 60. On day 90, significant increase in TLC and significant decrease in platelet counts was observed. For DLC, neutrophils exhibited nonsignificant alteration on day 90, whereas, although lymphocytes and monocytes showed significant increase throughout the experiment though on day 90, there was a slight tendency to decline in monocytes. The present study clearly demonstrates a strong influence of EMF exposed water on day 30 (leukocytosis and thrombocytosis) and day 60 (leukopenia and thrombopenia) with differential results on day 90. This study provides further evidence for EMF bioeffects connected to EMF-exposed water.
Effect of coenzyme Q10 on 50-Hz power line exposed water induced neurobehavioural alterations in rats
(2011) K.P. Singh; Mandavi Singh; Deepti Rai; U.P. Singh
Bioeffects of direct electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been studied extensively in mammalian systems and various physical and biological effect mechanisms proposed so far but none of the mechanism is widely accepted. Indirect EMF induced bio-effects through power line exposed water (restructured water) in animals are very scanty. Therefore, an attempt has been taken to study the indirect effect of EMF on neurobehavioural patterns in rats; and to measure the protective role of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQIO, a potent antioxidant) in EMF exposed subjects. In this study double distilled water samples were exposed to 50- Hz power line step -down transformer of 2500 KVA with EMF strength of 51.2 uT(36.2 RMS) for 48 hours. The EMF exposed water was made available ad libitum to E2 group while E3 group was also received similar exposed water along with intragastric intubation of CoQIO at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 90 days. Unexposed distilled water was given to El group to drink ad libitum .On examination of neurobehavioural tests of anxiety and depression, significant behavioral alterations were found in EMF exposed water treated group (E2) while these neurobehavioural disturbances were substantially recovered in group E3. This study suggests that 50-Hz power line exposure induces stable changes in "biologically live" water thus affecting the biomechanics of tissue fluids which ultimately enhances the free radicals load especially in brain cells. Since Co Q10 is a potent free radical scavenger, significantly protected the functional alterations induced by EMF exposed water.
Effect of folic acid in prenatal alcohol induced behavioral impairment in Swiss albino mice
(2013) Uttam Shrestha; Mandavi Singh
Background: Alcohol is a potent teratogen inducing oxidative stress as well as a massive wave of apoptosis in the developing brain as well as oxidative stress. It affects brain including cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex resulting into motor and cognitive deficits. Alcohol depletes folic acid from the body which is essential for synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein during cell division and proved to prevent many brain related malformations. Purpose: The objective of the present study was to study whether folic acid reduces behavioral impairments that were induced by prenatal exposure to ethanol in mice. Methods: Pregnant mice were divided into different experimental groups. Group I termed as control receiving distilled water, group II received ethanol, group III ethanol and folic acid and group IV folic acid only from gestational days 6 to 15. The dams were allowed to deliver their offspring naturally and until weaning the pups remained with their natural mothers. At the age of 8-9 weeks, they were subjected to battery of various behavioral tests. Results: The alcohol exposed dams showed decreased motor activity in open field test and decreased exploration and increased anxiety in elevated maze test as compared to controls. Folic acid administration reduced the intensity of these effects of alcohol in mice. Conclusion: The exposure to alcohol in utero produces long lasting effect on the developing pharmacological character of brain affecting postnatal behavioral expression which may be reduced by prenatal folic acid administration.
Effect of prenatal diazepam, phenobarbital, haloperidol and fluoxetine exposure on foot shock induced aggression in rats
(National Institute of Science Communication, 1998) Yogita Singh; Arun K. Jaiswal; Mandavi Singh; Salil K. Bhattacharya
Different groups of pregant rats were treated with diazepam (10 mg/kg), phenobarbital (10 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg), fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) and vehicle (normal saline) intraperitoneally once a day during gestation days 13 to 21. After birth these pups were culled to 8 pups/dam and foster-nursed by lactating mothers for 3 weeks and were reared in colony cages thereafter. Sex and weight matched pairs of rat offsprings were subjected to foot shock induced aggression test at 8 weeks of age. Two parameters of aggressive behaviour were recorded namely, the latency to fight and total number of fighting bouts. The results indicate that prenatal exposure to diazepam, phenobarbital, haloperidol and fluoxetine caused significantly enhanced aggression in terms of number of fighting bouts.
Effect of prenatal haloperidol administration on anxiety patterns in rats
(1997) Yogita Singh; Arun K. Jaiswal; Mandavi Singh; Salil K. Bhattacharya
Haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, ip) treatment was given from day 12 to 20 of gestation to pregnant rats, this being the critical period for neural development in this species. The pups born were subjected to open-field exploratory behaviour, tunnel-board exploratory behaviour, elevated zero- maze and elevated plus maze behaviour tests at 7-8 weeks of age. The results indicate that prenatal haloperidol treatment induces a significant increase in open-field ambulations and rearings, decrease in scratching and licking/washing behaviours whereas grooming and faecal droppings remain unchanged. Significantly reduced activity in the centre and increased activity in the periphery of the tunnel board was noted. These suggest presence of anxiety in these animals. Significant anxiogenic behavioural patterns were also observed on elevated zero-maze and plus-maze in the prenatally haloperidol treated offsprings. The results suggest that prenatal exposure of haloperidol leaves a lasting effect on offsprings resulting in hyper-emotional responsiveness and anxiety state.
Effect of prenatal haloperidol exposure on behavioral alterations in rats
(2002) K.P. Singh; Mandavi Singh
Pregnant Charles-Foster rats were exposed to haloperidol (HAL), a neuroleptic drug that binds to and blocks dopamine (DA) receptor subtypes at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (intraperitoneally) from Gestation Day (GD) 12 to 20. The animals from both treated as well as vehicle control groups were allowed to deliver on GD 21. The offspring culled at birth on the basis of sex and weight were subjected to behavioral tests at the age of 8 weeks. The HAL-treated rat offspring showed a significant increase in anxiogenic behavior on the open field, elevated plus-maze and elevated zero-maze tests when compared with the vehicle-treated (control) rat offspring of the same age group. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to HAL during a critical period of brain development leaves a lasting imprint on the brain, resulting in abnormal anxiety states, possibly through dopaminergic neurotransmission mechanisms. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
Folic acid ameliorates prenatal alcohol induced bone malformations in mice fetuses
(Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2016) Uttam Shrestha; Anand Mishra; Shamsher Shrestha; Amrita Kumari; Om Shrestha; Mandavi Singh
Consumption of ethanol during pregnancy can result in different types of skeletal malformations by acting directly on the cells of the developing bone or by affecting the systemic factors required for bone development. Folic acid is one of the important water soluble B-vitamin which is required during pregnancy for proper development of fetus. Alcohol consumption has negative impact on maternal folic acid level. The objective of present study is to observe whether administration of folic acid along with alcohol reduces alcohol related bone malformations. The plug positive mice were randomly divided into four groups. Group I mice were termed as control, group II mice were given alcohol 6gm/kg body weight of mice, group III mice were administered alcohol 6gm/kg body weight and folic acid 60 mg/kg body weight of the mice while group IV mice were given only folic acid 60 mg/kg body weight. On GD 18 the pregnant mice were sacrificed and fetuses were collected. The fetuses were processed for alizarin red staining. Prenatal alcohol exposed fetuses showed different types of axial and appendicular bone malformations. When folic acid was given along with alcohol such malformations were greatly reduced showing protective effects of folic acid.
Folic acid, total antioxidant and malondialdehyde in fetal cord blood of preeclamptic pregnancy
(2011) Abha Sinha; Mandavi Singh; H.D. Khanna; Madhu Jain
The present study was' designed to evaluate the folic acid, total antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA) status in fetuses of Pre-eclamptic pregnancy.52 cases were studied of which 26 were from normal pregnancy (controls) and 26 were from Preeclamptic pregnancy. Fetal cord blood (10 mil) was collected from the umbilical vein in heparinised tubes. It was centrifuged for ten minutes and the plasma collected. Folic acid was estimated by ELISA method, total antioxidant (TAS) was determined by Rondox kit and level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was estimated by thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) assay from the collected plasma. In pre-eclampsia, the folic acid and total antioxidant was significantly decreased as compared to those in normal subjects, whereas Malondialdehyde was significantly increased. A significant negative correlation was detected between folic acid, total antioxidant and lipid peroxidation in pre-eclampsia. Our study clearly indicates a relationship between decreased folic acid, total antioxidant and elevated lipid peroxidation in pregnancy with preeclampsia.
Hepatoprotective action of andrographis peniculata against cisplatin induced toxicity in mice: A histological study
(Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2014) Sant Suman Rastogi; Mandavi Singh; Mohan Kumar; Anand Mishra; Uttam Shrestha
Platinum complex cisplatin (CP) is one of the most potent drugs, widely used in chemotherapy against neoplasia. It is known to exhibit hepatotoxicity. The medicinal plant Andrographis peniculata (AP), used in this study is well known to be hepatoprotective. So we take this experiment to see the effect of AP extract against cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Swiss albino female mice, randomly divided into six different groups. Group I was controls. Group IInd received single dose of CP intraperitoneally in dose of 6 mg/kg body weight. Group IIIrd mice were given low dose of AP (20 mg/kg body weight) only whereas Group IV high dose of AP (50 mg/kg body weight) for period of 8 days. Group Vth and VIth received CP along with low and high dose of AP respectively. Mice were sacrificed on 9th day of treatments. Liver was dissected out, and processed for histopathological studies. Liver of CP treated mice exhibited hepatic and nuclear degeneration along with dilation of sinusoids and central vein. Administration of AP reduces toxic effect of cisplatin on liver. On the basis of the findings it can be concluded that Andrographis peniculata is beneficial against cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Intranasal curcumin and its evaluation in murine model of asthma
(2013) Subhashini; Preeti S. Chauhan; Sharda Kumari; Jarajana Pradeep Kumar; Ruchi Chawla; D. Dash; Mandavi Singh; Rashmi Singh
Curcumin, a phytochemical present in turmeric, rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been shown to have a wide variety of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-asthmatic properties. Curcumin is known for its low systemic bioavailability and rapid metabolization through oral route and has limited its applications. Over the recent decades, the interest in intranasal delivery as a non-invasive route for drugs has increased as target tissue for drug delivery since nasal mucosa offers numerous benefits. In this study, we evaluated intranasal curcumin following its absorption through nasal mucosa by a sensitive and validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of intranasal curcumin in mouse blood plasma and lung tissue. Intranasal curcumin has been detected in plasma after 15 min to 3 h at pharmacological dose (5 mg/kg, i.n.), which has shown anti-asthmatic potential by inhibiting bronchoconstriction and inflammatory cell recruitment to the lungs. At considerably lower doses has proved better than standard drug disodium cromoglycate (DSCG 50 mg/kg, i.p.) by affecting inflammatory cell infiltration and histamine release in mouse model of asthma. HPLC detection revealed that curcumin absorption in lungs has started after 30 min following intranasal administration and retained till 3 h then declines. Present investigations suggest that intranasal curcumin (5.0 mg/kg, i.n.) has effectively being absorbed and detected in plasma and lungs both and suppressed airway inflammations at lower doses than the earlier doses used for detection (100-200 mg/kg, i.p.) for pharmacological studies (10-20 mg/kg, i.p.) in mouse model of asthma. Present study may prove the possibility of curcumin as complementary medication in the development of nasal drops to prevent airway inflammations and bronchoconstrictions in asthma without any side effect. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Investigation on the phenolics of some spices having pharmacotherapeutic properties
(2004) U.P. Singh; D.P. Singh; S. Maurya; Ruchi Maheshwari; Mandavi Singh; R.S. Dubey; R.B. Singh
Spices are an important group of agricultural commodities being used by many civilizations all over the world to aid flavor, taste and nutritional values in the food. In traditional medical systems, their ability to heal various physical, mental and emotional problems has widely been reported. With this view, HPLC analysis was performed to estimate phenolic acids in 21 spices (asafetida, Bishop's weed, black mustard, coriander, cinnamon, clove, curry leaf, cumin black, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, garlic, ginger, Indian cassia, Indian dill or dill large cardamom, onion, saffron, tamarind, true cardamom, yellow mustard) commonly used in India in different forms. In all, 7 phenolic acids; viz., tannic, gallic, caffeic, cinnamic, chlorogenic, ferulic and vanillic acids could be identified on the basis of their retention time with standard compounds and co-chromatography. Several parts of the spices, for instance, seeds, leaves, barks, rhizomes, latex, stigmas, floral buds and modified stems were used in the study. Maximum amount of tannic and gallic acids was observed in black mustard and clove. Caffeic, chlorogenic and ferulic acids were found maximum in cumin while vanillic and cinnamic acids in onion seeds. The spices are known to significantly contribute to the flavor, taste, and medicinal properties of food because of phenolics. © 2004 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
Magnetically restructured water induces changes in rat brain
(2002) Mandavi Singh; U.P. Singh; K.P. Singh
Fifty-hertz power line-treated magnetically restructured water induced changes in rat brain was studied. Triple-distilled water samples were exposed to 36.2 RMS and (51.2 peak) μT power line magnetic fields for 48 hr. This magnetized water sample was given to adult male rats of Charles-Foster strain for drinking ad libitum for a period of 30 days, at the end of which the rats were anaesthetized with ether and then fixed by perfusion with 10% neutral formalin. The brains were dissected out and further fixed in the same fixative. The corresponding control rats provided with unmagnetized triple-distilled water were similarly treated. On gross examination, no anomaly was observed in the treated group. On histological examination, marked spongi-form changes leading to neuronal degeneration were observed in cerebral and hippocampai cortices. The study adds a further link in demonstrating that power line exposure induced stable changes in water structures and affect biomechanisms of tissue fluids.
Palliative effect of piracetam on valproate induced liver injury
(Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2014) Shamsher Shrestha; Mandavi Singh; Uttam Shrestha; Anand Mishra
Valproic acid is one of the main antiepileptic drug which is a branched chain carboxylic acid used for absence seizures. The depletion of ß-oxidation as well as increased synthesis of toxic unsaturated valproic acid derivatives results in severe hepatotoxicity. Piracetam is a nootropic or cognitive enhancing agent which is used to treat cognitive impairment in aging, brain injuries as well as dementia. The objective of the present study is to observe the ameliorative effect of piracetam in valproic acid induced liver injury. Experimental mice were divided into four groups. Group I mice termed as control received distilled water. Group II mice was administered valproic acid at the dose of 500mg/kg/body, group III mice was given piracetam at the dose of 800 mg/kg while group IV mice received both valproic acid and piracetam in the same dose for 6 days. The mice were sacrificed and their liver was collected for histological study. There was marked degeneration and destruction of laminar pattern of hepatocytes as well as reduction in glycogen granules. The intensity of the toxic effects of valproic acid was considerably reduced by piracetam. This shows that piracetam act as a protective agent in Valproic acid induced insult to the liver.