Browsing by Author "Neetu Singh"

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A direct metal-free decarboxylative sulfono functionalization (DSF) of cinnamic acids to α,β-unsaturated phenyl sulfones
(American Chemical Society, 2015) Rahul Singh; Bharat Kumar Allam; Neetu Singh; Kumkum Kumari; Satish Kumar Singh; Krishna Nand Singh
A metal-free room temperature decarboxylative cross-coupling between cinnamic acids and arylsulfonyl hydrazides has been realized for the first time for the synthesis of (E)-vinyl sulfones. The scope and versatility of the reaction has been demonstrated by the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of 22 derivatives with diverse structural features. © 2015 American Chemical Society.
A structural study on the cubic crystalline modification of [Cp 6Ti6O8][Bu3Sn3S 3(SH)3Cl]2
(2011) Neetu Singh; Subrato Bhattacharya
Crystal and molecular structures of a cubic crystalline form of [Cp 6Ti6O8][Bu3Sn3S 3(SH)3Cl]2 have been studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The cation, [Cp6Ti6O8] 2+ is a cluster comprising an octahedron with six Ti(IV) atoms at the vertices. Each of the eight faces is capped by an oxygen atom. The cluster is electron deficient as it possesses 84 electrons only. The anion is a six membered ring (with alternated Sn and S atoms) having a chair conformation. The crystal undergoes a phase transition on cooling which has been monitored by X-ray diffraction studies.
Abnormal b-cell subset and blimp-1-mediated humoral responses associated with visceral leishmaniasis pathogenesis
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2019) Bhawana Singh; Om Prakash Singh; Neetu Singh; Siddharth Sankar Singh; Shyam Sundar
B-cells have a spectrum of functions ranging from antibody production to antigen presentation and have additional vital roles in immune mechanisms. There is rudimentary knowledge about the role of B-cells in intracellular infections with contradictory findings. We explored the role of B-cell dysfunctions in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) pathogenesis in terms of the phenotypic and functional properties of B-cells during the course of disease. This study was performed on blood and splenic aspirates (SA) of VL cases pre- and post-treatment. Whole blood was used for flow cytometric studies for determining the profiles of B-cells at different time-points of treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for magnetic purification of B-cells, for transcriptional studies by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serum/plasma was used for direct agglutination test for determining parasite-specific antibodies and SAwere usedfor scoringthepresence ofparasitebymicroscopic examination. Flowcytometric studiesdepicteddecreased B-cell percentages during the entire course of disease and attainment of exhaustive phenotypewith tissue-likememory cell markers, indicative of B-cell dysfunctions in VL. In addition, B-cells had compromised abilities of antigen processing and presentation and altered levels of B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1). Blimp-1 expression goes hand in hand with B-cell maturation antigen and transmembrane activator and calcium modulator (TACI) and cyclophilin ligand interactor, suggestive of its role in promoting plasma cell survival and antibody production. Elevated level of VL-specific antibody titre was directly correlated with exhausted phenotype and also with disease severity during VL. This study indicated for impaired B-cell functions during chronic infection which may lead to pathological consequences in human VL. © 2019 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Accumulation, Uptake Pathways, and Toxicity of Pharmaceuticals into Plants and Soil
(CRC Press, 2023) Neetu Singh; Surender Singh Yadav
Anthropogenic activities mediated by technological advances are overproducing pharmaceuticals. Due to their inappropriate use and disposal, they have become the major environmental contaminants of emerging concern. Accumulation of these compounds poses deleterious effects on living beings and the associated ecosystems. Plants and soils are the major objects which are directly exposed to these contaminants. The dietary consumption of these contaminants also causes hindrance to human well-being. The plants and soil acquire these contaminants via wastewater irrigation. The contaminated plants stimulate their defense systems and induce phytotoxic symptoms like reduced chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, growth, and development. Therefore, the present study focuses on the pharmaceutical accumulation in soil and plants, their sources, uptake pathways, and phytotoxicity so that future work can be planned on the estimation and removal of such toxicants from the soil, plants, and ultimately from the human diet. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Vinod Kumar Garg, Ashok Pandey, Navish Kataria, and Caterina Faggio; individual chapters, the contributors.
An eco-safe approach to benzopyranopyrimidines and 4H-chromenes in ionic liquid at room temperature
(2012) Amit Kumar Gupta; Kumkum Kumari; Neetu Singh; Dushyant Singh Raghuvanshi; Krishna Nand Singh
An environmentally benign, ionic liquid promoted multicomponent protocol to benzopyrano(2,3-d)pyrimidines and 4H-chromenes has been developed at room temperature. Results of the reaction depend on the nature of the nucleophile used in the reaction. Secondary amines result in the formation of benzopyrano(2,3-d)pyrimidines, whereas thiols give rise to 4H-chromenes under the same set of reaction conditions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An efficient L-proline catalyzed four-component synthesis of β-acetamido ketones and esters
(2013) Neetu Singh; Satish Kumar Singh; Krishna Nand Singh
An environmentally benign synthesis of p-acetamido carbonyl compounds has been achieved in high yields by one-pot multicomponent condensation of aryl aldehyde, acetyl chloride, acetonitrile/benzonitrile and enolisable ketone/ester in the catalytic presence of L-proline.
An efficient tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF)-catalyzed three-component synthesis of 3-substituted indole derivatives under solvent-free conditions
(2013) Neetu Singh; Bharat Kumar Allam; Dushyant Singh Raghuvanshi; Krishna Nand Singh
An expedient and efficient one-pot three-component synthesis of 3-substituted indoles has been developed by the reaction of indoles, active methylene compounds and aldehydes using a catalytic amount of tetrabutylammonium fluoride under solvent-free conditions. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Anti-ulcer constituents of Annona squamosa twigs
(2011) Dinesh K. Yadav; Neetu Singh; Kapil Dev; Rolee Sharma; Mahendra Sahai; Gautam Palit; Rakesh Maurya
Phytochemical investigation of Annona squamosa twigs, resulted in isolation and identification of twelve known (1-12) compounds among them one 1-(4-β-D-glucopyranosyloxyphenyl)-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-ethane (11) is synthetically known but first time isolated from natural sources. Their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds (2-8, 11) were evaluated for H+ K +-ATPase activity. Three of these compounds (+)-O-methylarmepavine (2), N-methylcorydaldine (3), isocorydine (6) showed promising anti-secretory activity. Activity of these compounds, comparable to the standard drug omeprazole is novel to our finding. Moreover, there is no information accessible regarding the pharmacological effect of A. squamosa on the gastrointestinal system. This study is the first of its kind to show the significant anti-ulcer effect of A. squamosa. The present study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of A. squamosa (AS) and to identify its active constituents. Anti-ulcer activity was evaluated against cold restraint (CRU), pyloric ligation (PL), aspirin (ASP), alcohol (AL) induced gastric ulcer and histamine (HA) induced duodenal ulcer model and further confirmed through in vitro assay of H + K+-ATPase activity and plasma gastrin level. AS and its chloroform and hexane fraction attenuated ulcer formation in CRU, PL, HA model and displayed anti-secretory activity in vivo through reduced free, total acidity and pepsin in PL, confirmed by in vitro inhibition of H+ K+-ATPase activity with corresponding decrease in plasma gastrin level. Cytoprotection of AS was apparent with protection in AL, ASP models and enhanced mucin level in PL. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Calcium-boron interaction in exopolysaccharide production by the cyanobacterium, Nostoc spongiaeforme
(2000) Neetu Singh; R.K. Asthana; S.P. Singh
The effect and interaction of Ca and B on exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis in the diazotrophically growing cyanobacterium, Nostoc spongiaeforme, was investigated. The absence of B inhibited EPS synthesis 1.56-fold (16 μg glucose equivalent/mg dry weight, 16 d) over the control cells (25 μg glucose equivalent) grown in medium containing 0.5 mM Ca and 8 μM B. When B concentration was raised to 40 μM, EPS production was stimulated 1.8-fold. Reduction of Ca concentration to one-half (0.25 mM) resulted in increased B demand (16 μM) by the cells for EPS production at par with the normal sets. However, without Ca, EPS production also increased as B increased. Addition of B to a Ca-free medium stimulated cyanobacterial diazotrophic growth as well as synthesis of Chl a and phycocyanin (0- 8 d). The data suggest B-dependent diazotrophic growth during Ca-deficiency and point to an important interactive role of Ca and B in regulation of cyanobacterial EPS synthesis.
CD8 T cell exhaustion in human visceral leishmaniasis
(2014) Shalini Gautam; Rajiv Kumar; Neetu Singh; Abhishek Kumar Singh; Madhukar Rai; David Sacks; Shyam Sundar; Susanne Nylén
Little is known about CD8 T cells in human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and it is unclear if these cells have a protective, pathological and/or suppressive function. In experimental VL CD8 T cells have been shown to contribute to parasite control and play an important role in vaccine-generated immunity. To better understand the role of CD8 T cells in human VL, we examined molecules associated with anergy and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and splenic aspirates (SA), and in CD8 cells derived from these tissues. Gene and surface marker expression suggest that splenic CD8 cell predominantly display an anergic phenotype, whereas CD8-PBMC have features of both anergic cells and CTLs. CD8 cells contribute to the baseline IFNγ levels in whole blood (WB) and SA cultures, but not to the Leishmania induced IFNγ release that is revealed using WB cultures. Blockade of CTLA-4 or PD1 had no effect on IFNγ production or parasite survival in SA cultures. Following cure, CD8 T cells contribute to the Leishmania induced IFNγ production observed in Leishmania stimulated cell cultures. We suggest CD8 T cells are driven to anergy/exhaustion in human VL, which affect their ability to contribute to protective immune responses. © The Author 2013.
Characterization of an exopolysaccharide mutant of Nostoc spongiaeforme: Zn2+-sorption and uptake
(2003) Neetu Singh; R.K. Asthana; S.P. Singh
Exposure of the exopolysaccharide (EPS)-synthesizing cyanobacterium Nostoc spongiaeforme to Zn2+ (20 μM) transformed the biomass into white debris. However, a few blue-green pin-heads emerged after 2 weeks in the same Zn2+-containing medium and formed less mucoid microcolonies (1-2 mm) relative to the protruding colonies (2-4 mm) of the parent strain on nutrient agar. One of such survivors (designated as Zn20) that was stable through 10 successive transfers in Zn2+-lacking medium has been adopted for further characterization. The parent strain retained almost 88% of the total EPS synthesized, the rest being released into the ambient medium, while for Zn20, the EPS retained approximated to 74%. Although the Zn2+-sensitivity of the mutant was comparable with that of the parent (LD50, 7 μM), Zn2+ uptake was still 5-fold higher in the former (2 μg mg-1 biomass dry wt., 20 μM, external concentration). Also, both the strains showed insignificant difference in Zn2+-sorption onto their isolated EPS. The mutant was characterized by having higher cell carbohydrate content (642.8 μg mg -1 dry wt.) than its parent (513.6 μg). The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed Zn2+ deposition on EPS from the parent mainly as zinc hypophosphite monohydrate [Zn(H2PO2) 2·H2O], whereas there was a lack of distinct peaks in similar samples from Zn20, thus confirming the amorphous nature. There was participation in Zn2+ binding of only COO-, N=O, NO2, SO2 groups in the parent while participation of P-O and C=O groups in mutant EPS was evident in IR spectra. The observations suggest that the mutant could be deployed to achieve sustained EPS synthesis, its release and metal sorption/desorption in repeated cycles.
Combined Immune Therapy for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis
(Public Library of Science, 2016) Rebecca J. Faleiro; Rajiv Kumar; Patrick T. Bunn; Neetu Singh; Shashi Bhushan Chauhan; Meru Sheel; Fiona H. Amante; Marcela Montes de Oca; Chelsea L. Edwards; Susanna S. Ng; Shannon E. Best; Ashraful Haque; Lynette Beattie; Louise M. Hafner; David Sacks; Susanne Nylen; Shyam Sundar; Christian R. Engwerda
Chronic disease caused by infections, cancer or autoimmunity can result in profound immune suppression. Immunoregulatory networks are established to prevent tissue damage caused by inflammation. Although these immune checkpoints preserve tissue function, they allow pathogens and tumors to persist, and even expand. Immune checkpoint blockade has recently been successfully employed to treat cancer. This strategy modulates immunoregulatory mechanisms to allow host immune cells to kill or control tumors. However, the utility of this approach for controlling established infections has not been extensively investigated. Here, we examined the potential of modulating glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related protein (GITR) on T cells to improve anti-parasitic immunity in blood and spleen tissue from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients infected with Leishmania donovani. We found little effect on parasite growth or parasite-specific IFNγ production. However, this treatment reversed the improved anti-parasitic immunity achieved by IL-10 signaling blockade. Further investigations using an experimental VL model caused by infection of C57BL/6 mice with L. donovani revealed that this negative effect was prominent in the liver, dependent on parasite burden and associated with an accumulation of Th1 cells expressing high levels of KLRG-1. Nevertheless, combined anti-IL-10 and anti-GITR mAb treatment could improve anti-parasitic immunity when used with sub-optimal doses of anti-parasitic drug. However, additional studies with VL patient samples indicated that targeting GITR had no overall benefit over IL-10 signaling blockade alone at improving anti-parasitic immune responses, even with drug treatment cover. These findings identify several important factors that influence the effectiveness of immune modulation, including parasite burden, target tissue and the use of anti-parasitic drug. Critically, these results also highlight potential negative effects of combining different immune modulation strategies. © 2016 Almeida et al.
Combined neutralization of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha induces IL-4 production but has no direct additive impact on parasite burden in splenic cultures of human visceral leishmaniasis
(Public Library of Science, 2018) Neetu Singh; Shyam Sundar
Immune activating cytokines Interferon (IFN)-γ and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α are known to activate macrophages for killing of Leishmania parasite. IFN-γ provides therapeutic potential while TNF-α has been recognized to mediate protection in visceral model of infection. In the present study we investigated whether combination of IFN-γ and TNF-α has better therapeutic strength than individually using one of these cytokines in Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) patients. We performed combined blockade of IFN-γ and TNF-α in VL splenic biopsies and demonstrated it’s impact on number of viable amastigotes and cytokine production. Additionally, selective depletion of splenic cell subsets was performed to establish the cellular sources of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Treatment of splenic aspirate cells with combination of anti-IFN-γ and anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibodies for 72 hours enabled no direct additive impact of these cytokines on parasite replication and IL-10 secretion, but IL-4 production was induced. Further assessment of splenic biopsies put forward CD4+ T cells as a source of IFN-γ whereas CD14+ cells contribute towards TNF-α production. Overall our results suggest, the interplay of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ derived from CD4+T lymphocytes and TNF-α from CD14+ cells has no direct additive impact on parasite replication but induces IL-4 production. Our data does not support direct targeting of IFN-γ and TNF-α for combination therapy but targeting these cytokines as an adjuvant in patients with exaggerated tissue inflammatory responses can have favourable patient outcome. © 2018 Singh, Sundar. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Contribution of world health organization in the global acceptance of ayurveda
(Elsevier B.V., 2011) Anand Chaudhary; Neetu Singh
Amongst the mandates of United Nations, health of mankind is the thrust area of UN through World Health Organization (WHO). Planning and execution of policies for mainstreaming of traditional medicines (TRM) of respective countries along with conventional system of medicine (allopathy), first in the country of origin followed by the international arena, is the priority agenda of operations of WHO. Within Indian context, WHO accorded prime focus to Ayurveda in its activities related to TRM.Sponsorship and encouragement of studies substantiating parameters of standardization, safety and efficacy of herbal medicines of Ayurveda are under chief consideration of WHO. In this review, several guidelines of WHO are summarized. Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH), Central Council of Research in Ayurveda and Siddha and numerous other collaborative centers of WHO in India are assigned with several Appraisal Project Work (APW) and Direct Financial Cooperation (DFC) projects that will strengthen Ayurveda as evidence-based medicine for its global acceptance. Implementation of pharmacovigilance program in Ayurveda, publication of documents for rational use and initiatives to prepare consumer guidelines for appropriate use of Ayurvedic medicines are some other contributions of WHO toward advancement of Ayurveda at national as well as global level. Here, we suggest further exploration, interaction and interpretation of traditional knowledge in the light of contemporary core sciences and biomedical sciences that can pave the way for accreditation of Ayurveda worldwide as an established system of medicine.
Convenient MW-assisted synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfides using sulfonyl hydrazides as aryl thiol surrogate
(American Chemical Society, 2013) Neetu Singh; Rahul Singh; Dushyant S. Raghuvanshi; Krishna Nand Singh
An efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfides has been achieved via the cross-coupling reaction of aryl/het-aryl/benzyl halides with stable and easily workable sulfonyl hydrazides as thiol substitutes by means of [DBU][HOAc] and CuI under microwave irradiation. © 2013 American Chemical Society.
Effect of CDNB on filarial thioredoxin reductase : A proteomic and biochemical approach
(Elsevier, 2015) Savitri Tiwari; Mohit Wadhawan; Neetu Singh; Sushma Rathaur
Thioredoxin reductase plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. In this study, we have targeted TrxR in Setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite using its inhibitor CDNB. It caused significant decrease in the motility and viability of these parasites leading to their death. Inhibition of TrxR leads to the downregulation of the antioxidant system followed by generation of oxidative stress in these parasites. The increased ROS level induced lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl formation which might alter the mitochondrial membrane permeability leading to release of cytochrome c. CDNB significantly downregulated the level of ced-9 and activity of tyrosine phosphatases, cytochrome c oxidase. It also upregulated ced-3, homolog of mammalian caspase 3 suggesting initiation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The proteomic profile of CDNB treated parasites showed marked alteration in abundance of different protein spots with 20% downregulated and 13% unregulated spots in comparison to control parasites. We observed a downregulation in the glycolytic enzymes such as enolase, PGK, and GAPDH thereby blocking the ATP formation in the parasite. This study suggests that TrxR inhibition disrupts the cellular homeostasis thereby generating oxidative stress followed by mitochondrial mediated apoptosis in filarial parasites leading to the death of the parasites. Biological significance: Lymphatic filariasis is one of the most prevalent tropical diseases caused by tissue dwelling parasitic nematodes viz., Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. Currently available antifilarial drugs effectively eliminate larval stages of the parasite but are ineffective against the adult worms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for finding proteins/enzymes which play a crucial role in the persistence of these parasites. Our study for the first time reports the important role played by S. cervi TrxR in its survival. Thus, suggesting filarial TrxR as a potent chemotherapeutic target against lymphatic filariasis. This would help in screening of new compounds having macrofilaricidal activity. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Effect of diethylcarbamazine, butylated hydroxy anisole and methyl substituted chalcone on filarial parasite Setaria cervi: Proteomic and biochemical approaches
(2011) Sushma Rathaur; Marshleen Yadav; Neetu Singh; Alka Singh
For survival, parasite exerts several lines of defense of which drug neutralization is one of the major phenomena. Lack of phase I cytochrome P450 in some of the nematode render them depend on the phase II detoxification system involving GST as a major detoxifying enzymes. In present study, the antifilarial DEC, phenolic compound BHA and methyl chalcone have been evaluated for proteomic and biochemical studies in Setaria cervi. BHA and methyl chalcone showed cytotoxic effect leading to irreversible inhibition in motility and viability of parasites. These drugs showed marked alteration in proteomic profile of S. cervi at 100 μM concentration with 10.82, 8.52 and 6.75% downregulated (< 0.5) and 7.64, 31.78 and 24.32% upregulated (> 1.5) in DEC, BHA and methyl chalcone treatment respectively. Significant depletion in GSH level with increase in NO production was observed. Amongst these compounds, methyl chalcone demonstrated significant inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) on GST, PGHS and PTP activity leading to loss of metabolic homeostasis and parasite death. The cytotoxic response and altered expression profile of major enzymes under drug exposure suggested the oxidative stress induced apoptosis as a major cause of parasite killing which was further supported by DNA fragmentation in BHA and methyl chalcone. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Elemental sulfur mediated synthesis of benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles and quinoxalines: Via decarboxylative coupling of 2-hydroxy/mercapto/amino-anilines with cinnamic acids
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Tirumaleswararao Guntreddi; Rajeshwer Vanjari; Saurabh Kumar; Rahul Singh; Neetu Singh; Promod Kumar; Krishna Nand Singh
An easy and practical method has been developed for the synthesis of 2-benzylbenzoxazoles and 2-benzylbenzothiazoles using sulfur mediated decarboxylative coupling of cinnamic acids with 2-hydroxyanilines and 2-mercaptoanilines respectively under metal- and solvent-free conditions. However, the reaction of 2-aminoanilines with cinnamic acids leads to the formation of 2-arylquinoxalines under the same set of reaction conditions. The transformation is versatile and compatible with a number of functional groups. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Identification and characterization of novel membrane-bound PRL protein tyrosine phosphatases from Setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite
(Springer Verlag, 2015) Neetu Singh; Smita Yadav; Sushma Rathaur
A significant amount of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity was detected in the detergent-soluble membrane-bound fraction of Setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite. The membrane-bound PTP activity was significantly inhibited when the adult parasites were exposed to compounds having antifilarial activity like aspirin and SK7 as well as phenylarsine oxide, a specific PTP inhibitor suggesting that this activity is stress regulated. Further, this enzyme was purified as a single protein of apparently 21 kDa using two different chromatographic techniques. The MALDI-MS/MS analysis of its peptides showed closest match with protein tyrosine phosphatase PRL (Aedes aegypti). This purified enzyme (named as PRL) showed maximum activity at pH 5.5/37 °C and hydrolysed para nitro phenyl phosphate (pNPP) at the highest rate followed by O-P-l-tyrosine and O-P-l-threonine. It showed significant inhibition by specific inhibitors of PTP such as sodium orthovanadate, phenylarsine oxide and ammonium molybdate and was activated by dithiothreitol (DTT). The active site modification studies suggested involvement of cysteine, arginine, histidine and aspartic acid in the catalytic activity of PRL. The activity of S. cervi PRL was also found to be resistant towards the external oxidative stress. Thus, S. cervi PRL could be taken as a potential target for the management of human lymphatic filariasis. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Identification of a novel stress regulated FERM domain containing cytosolic protein having PTP activity in Setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite
(Academic Press Inc., 2015) Neetu Singh; Petr Heneberg; Nidhi Singh; Shio Kumar Singh; Sushma Rathaur
A 67 kDa cytosolic FERM domain containing protein having significant protein tyrosine phosphatases activity (PTPL) has been purified to homogeneity from Setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite. The MALDI-MS/MS analysis of the purified protein revealed 16 peptide peaks showing nearest match to Brugia malayi Moesin/ezrin/radixin homolog 1 protein and one peptide showing significant similarity with a region lying in the catalytic domain of human PTPD1. PTPL showed significant cross reactivity with the human PTP1B antibody and colocalize with actin in the coelomyrian cells of hypodermis in the parasite. PTPL was stress regulated as it showed marked decrease in the expression when exposed to Aspirin, an antifilarial drug and Phenylarsine Oxide, PTP inhibitor. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.