Browsing by Author "Neha Upadhyay"

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Antimicrobial activity, antiaflatoxigenic potential and in situ efficacy of novel formulation comprising of Apium graveolens essential oil and its major component
(Academic Press Inc., 2019) Somenath Das; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Neha Upadhyay; Akanksha Singh; Deepika; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The present study reports the formulation of Apium graveolens essential oil (AGEO) with its major components linalyl acetate (LA) and geranyl acetate (GA) (1:1:1) as a novel green preservative for protection of postharvest food commodities from fungal infestations, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) secretion, free radical generation and lipid peroxidation. The essential oil based novel formulation displayed considerable inhibitory action against fourteen food borne molds responsible for deterioration of stored food commodities, in addition to the most toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (AFLHPR14) isolated from fungal and aflatoxin contaminated rice seeds. The observed higher efficacy of designed formulation was due to the synergistic action of essential oil and its major components. Fungal plasma membrane was recorded as the possible target site of antifungal action of the formulation as revealed through reduction in membrane ergosterol content, increased intracellular propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence and enhanced leakage of cellular ions (sodium, potassium, calcium) and 260, 280 nm absorbing materials. Further, inhibition of methylglyoxal (an aflatoxin inducer) confirmed the aflatoxin inhibitory potential of novel formulation based on essential oil and its major components. High antioxidant potential as observed through DPPH[rad] and ABTS·+ radical scavenging assay, improved phenolic content, considerable inhibition of lipid peroxidation in stored rice seeds, in situ efficacy on AFB1 inhibition in food system under storage container system, acceptable sensorial characteristics and favorable safety profile during animal trials suggest the recommendation of the designed formulation for large scale application as green preservative by food and agriculture based industries against fungal and aflatoxin contamination of stored commodities. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
Assessment of chemically characterised Myristica fragrans essential oil against fungi contaminating stored scented rice and its mode of action as novel aflatoxin inhibitor
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Somenath Das; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Neha Upadhyay; Akanksha Singh; Ajay Krishna Saha; Shaon Ray Chaudhury; Bhanu Prakash; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The study reports chemically characterised Myristica fragrans essential oil (MFEO) as plant based food preservative against fungal and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination of scented rice varieties. The chemical profile of MFEO revealed elemicin (27.08%), myristicine (21.29%) and thujanol (18.55%) as major components. The minimum inhibitory and minimum aflatoxin inhibitory concentrations of MFEO were 2.75 and 1.5 mg/ml, respectively. The MFEO was efficacious against a broad spectrum of food deteriorating fungi. MFEO caused decrease in ergosterol content of fungal plasma membrane and enhanced leakage of cellular ions, depicting plasma membrane as the site of action. The MFEO caused reduction in cellular methylglyoxal content, the aflatoxin inducer. This is the first report on MFEO as aflatoxin suppressor. The essential oil may be recommended as plant based food preservative after large scale trials and reduction in methylglyoxal suggests its application for development of aflatoxin resistant varieties through green transgenics. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Assessment of chemically characterized Salvia sclarea L. essential oil and its combination with linalyl acetate as novel plant based antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant agent against herbal drugs contamination and probable mode of action
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Vipin Kumar Singh; Somenath Das; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Neha Upadhyay; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The present investigation reports antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic efficacy of Salvia sclarea essential oil (SSEO) and its combination with Linalyl acetate (LA) (1:1) against herbal drug deteriorating molds and aflatoxin B1 contamination. GC-MS analysis of SSEO showed Linalyl Acetate (LA) (61.33%) and Linalool (LL) (17.59%) as major components. The SSEO and LA combination displayed better antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity as compared to SSEO and LA used individually. SSEO and LA combination was effective in reduction of ergosterol and enhanced leakage of vital ions and UV-absorbing materials in a dose dependent manner. The combination caused significant reduction in cellular methylglyoxal content, an aflatoxin inducer suggesting its future application for development of aflatoxin resistant herbal drug varieties through green transgenics. The combination also showed pronounced antioxidant activity as compared to SSEO and LA used separately. Interestingly, the combination showed significant in situ protection of Picrorhiza kurroa rhizomes against mould infestation. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Assessment of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil as an eco-friendly approach against biodeterioration of wheat flour caused by Tribolium castaneum Herbst
(Springer, 2019) Neha Upadhyay; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Somenath Das; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The study reports efficacy of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil (MOEO) as a safe plant-based insecticide against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (TC) by induction of oxidative stress. MOEO nanoencapsulation in chitosan matrix was performed to enhance its bioefficacy. GC–MS analysis of MOEO depicted geranial (31.54%), neral (31.08%), and β-caryophyllene (12.42%) as the major components. MOEO showed excellent insecticidal potential in contact (100% mortality at 0.157 μL/cm2) and fumigant bioassays (LC50 =0.071μL/mL air) and 100% repellency at concentration ≤ 0.028 μL/cm2. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and decreased ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at the LC50 dose suggested significant oxidative stress on TC in MOEO treatment sets. The encapsulated MOEO exhibited enhanced activity as fumigant (LC50 =0.048μL/mL air) and showed significant antifeedant activity in situ (EC50 = 0.043 μL/mL). High LD50 value (13,956.87 μL/kg body weight of mice) confirmed favorable toxicological profile for non-target mammals. The findings depict potential of nanoencapsulated MOEO as an eco-friendly green pesticide against infestation of stored food by TC. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019.
Assessment of nanoencapsulated Cananga odorata essential oil in chitosan nanopolymer as a green approach to boost the antifungal, antioxidant and in situ efficacy
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Neha Upadhyay; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Nawal Kishore Dubey
In this study, a comparative efficacy of Cananga odorata EO (CoEO) and its nanoencapsulated formulation into chitosan nanoemulsion (CoEO-CsNe) against a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (AF-M-K5) were investigated for the first time in order to determine its efficacy in preservation of stored food from fungal, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination and lipid peroxidation. GC and GC–MS analysis of CoEO revealed the presence of linalool (24.56%) and benzyl acetate (22.43%) as the major components. CoEO was encapsulated into chitosan nanoemulsion (CsNe) through ionic-gelation technique and characterized by High Resolution-Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The CoEO-CsNe during in vitro investigation against A. flavus completely inhibited the growth and AFB1 production at 1.0 μL/mL and 0.75 μL/mL, respectively. Additionally, CoEO-CsNe showed improved antioxidant activity against DPPH• and ABTS•+ with IC50 value 0.93 and 0.72 μL/mL, respectively. Further, CoEO-CsNe suppressed fungal growth, AFB1 secretion and lipid peroxidation in Arachis hypogea L. during in situ investigation without causing any adverse effect on seed germination. Overall results demonstrated that the CoEO-CsNe has potential of being utilized as a suitable plant based antifungal agent to improve the shelf-life of stored food against AFB1 and lipid peroxidation mediated biodeterioration. © 2021
Chemically characterised Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. essential oil as a novel plant based antimicrobial against fungal and aflatoxin B1 contamination of stored maize and its possible mode of action
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Somenath Das; Neha Upadhyay; Akanksha Singh; Mumtaz S. Dkhar; Highland Kayang; Bhanu Prakash; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The chemical characterisation of Pimenta dioica essential oil (PDEO) revealed the presence of 50 components, amongst which α-Terpineol (30.31%) was the major component followed by β-Linalool (6.75%) and γ-Terpinene (4.64%). The oil completely inhibited the growth of aflatoxin B1 secreting strain Aspergillus flavus LHP-VS-8 and aflatoxin B1 production at 2.5 µL/mL and 1.5 µL/mL, respectively. The oil caused dose dependent reduction of methylglyoxal (an AFB1 inducer), enhanced leakage of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ ions and significantly reduced ergosterol content of fungal plasma membrane. During in situ experiments, PDEO exhibited complete protection of fumigated maize cob slices from fungal infestation without affecting seed germination. The chemically characterised PDEO is recommended as a plant based preservative and shelf life enhancer of food commodities by preventing fungal growth, AFB1 production and lipid peroxidation. This is the first report on PDEO as inhibitor of AFB1 secretion and methylglyoxal biosynthesis. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Chemically characterized nanoencapsulated Homalomena aromatica Schott. essential oil as green preservative against fungal and aflatoxin B1 contamination of stored spices based on in vitro and in situ efficacy and favorable safety profile on mice
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Shikha Tiwari; Neha Upadhyay; Bijendra Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Nawal Kishore Dubey
Present study deals with the efficacy of nanoencapsulated Homalomena aromatica essential oil (HAEO) as a potent green preservative against toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain (AF-LHP-NS 7), storage fungi, AFB1, and free radical-mediated deterioration of stored spices. GC–MS analysis revealed linalool (68.51%) as the major component of HAEO. HAEO was encapsulated into chitosan nanomatrix (CS-HAEO-Ne) and characterized through SEM, FTIR, and XRD. CS-HAEO-Ne completely inhibited A. flavus growth and AFB1 biosynthesis at 1.25 μL/mL and 1.0 μL/mL, respectively in comparison to unencapsulated HAEO (1.75 μL/mL and 1.25 μL/mL, respectively). CS-HAEO-Ne caused significant reduction in ergosterol content in treated A. flavus and provoked leakage of cellular ions (Ca+2, Mg+2, and K+) as well as 260 nm and 280 nm absorbing materials. Depletion of methylglyoxal level in treated A. flavus cells illustrated the novel antiaflatoxigenic efficacy of CS-HAEO-Ne. CS-HAEO-Ne exhibited superior antioxidant efficacy (IC50 (DPPH) = 4.5 μL/mL) over unencapsulated HAEO (IC50 (DPPH) = 15.9 μL/mL) and phenolic content. CS-HAEO-Ne depicted excellent in situ efficacy by inhibiting fungal infestation, AFB1 contamination, lipid peroxidation, and mineral loss with acceptable sensorial profile. Moreover, broad safety paradigm (LD50 value = 7150.11 mg/kg) of CS-HAEO-Ne also suggests its application as novel green preservative to enhance shelf life of stored spices. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Cistus ladanifer L. essential oil as a plant based preservative against molds infesting oil seeds, aflatoxin B1 secretion, oxidative deterioration and methylglyoxal biosynthesis
(Academic Press, 2018) Neha Upadhyay; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Somenath Das; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The study explores the potential of Cistus ladanifer essential oil (CLEO) as plant based preservative against fungal and aflatoxin B1 contamination of stored oil seeds. Aspergillus flavus AF-M-K5 was identified as the most aflatoxigenic isolate during mycoflora analysis of selected oil seeds. Chemical characterization of CLEO through GC-MS revealed α-asarone (78.841%) as the major component. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum aflatoxin inhibitory concentration of CLEO against A. flavus AF-M-K5 were recorded to be 0.6, and 0.5 μL/mL, respectively. Significant reduction in ergosterol content and enhancement of leakage of Ca2+, K+ and Mg2+ ions from treated fungal cells emphasized fungal plasma membrane as the site for antifungal action of CLEO. The CLEO caused reduction of methylglyoxal, the aflatoxin inducing substrate. This is the first report on an essential oil as methylglyoxal inhibitor suggesting a novel mode of action in reduction of AFB1 biosynthesis. The IC50 values for CLEO as determined by DPPH• and ABTS•+ assay were 7.3 μL/mL and 1.13 μL/mL respectively, depicting remarkable antioxidant activity. CLEO caused considerable protection of stored oil seeds from contamination of A. flavus (90.6%) and from storage molds (78.03%) without affecting seed germination. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Encapsulation in chitosan-based nanomatrix as an efficient green technology to boost the antimicrobial, antioxidant and in situ efficacy of Coriandrum sativum essential oil
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Somenath Das; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Neha Upadhyay; Pallavi Singh; Sarika Sharma; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The present investigation deals with first time report on encapsulation of Coriandrum sativum essential oil (CSEO) in chitosan nanomatrix as a green nanotechnology for enhancing its antimicrobial, aflatoxin inhibitory and antioxidant efficacy. Chitosan nano biopolymer entrapped CSEO as prepared through ionic gelation process showed broad spectrum fungitoxicity against molds infesting stored rice and also exhibited enhanced bioefficacy than unencapsulated CSEO. The CSEO entrapped in chitosan nanomatrix lead to decrement in important fungal membrane biomolecule i.e. ergosterol and leakage of UV-absorbing substances along with vital cellular ions. The CSEO encapsulation in selected biopolymer nanomatrix effectively checked methylglyoxal (the aflatoxin inducer) biosynthesis, confirming antiaflatoxigenic mode of action. The physico-chemical properties, considerable decrease in lipid peroxidation and improved in situ AFB1 suppressive as well as antifungal potential of CSEO nanocapsules suggested the deployment of chitosan based nano biopolymer for encapsulation of essential oils as an ecofriendly technology for application in food industries in order to enhance the shelf life and control the fungal and aflatoxin contamination of stored rice. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Essential Oil Nanoemulsion as Eco-Friendly and Safe Preservative: Bioefficacy Against Microbial Food Deterioration and Toxin Secretion, Mode of Action, and Future Opportunities
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Akash Maurya; Vipin Kumar Singh; Somenath Das; Jitendra Prasad; Akash Kedia; Neha Upadhyay; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy
Microbes are the biggest shareholder for the quantitative and qualitative deterioration of food commodities at different stages of production, transportation, and storage, along with the secretion of toxic secondary metabolites. Indiscriminate application of synthetic preservatives may develop resistance in microbial strains and associated complications in human health with broad-spectrum environmental non-sustainability. The application of essential oils (EOs) as a natural antimicrobial and their efficacy for the preservation of foods has been of present interest and growing consumer demand in the current generation. However, the loss in bioactivity of EOs from fluctuating environmental conditions is a major limitation during their practical application, which could be overcome by encapsulating them in a suitable biodegradable and biocompatible polymer matrix with enhancement to their efficacy and stability. Among different nanoencapsulated systems, nanoemulsions effectively contribute to the practical applications of EOs by expanding their dispersibility and foster their controlled delivery in food systems. In line with the above background, this review aims to present the practical application of nanoemulsions (a) by addressing their direct and indirect (EO nanoemulsion coating leading to active packaging) consistent support in a real food system, (b) biochemical actions related to antimicrobial mechanisms, (c) effectiveness of nanoemulsion as bio-nanosensor with large scale practical applicability, (d) critical evaluation of toxicity, safety, and regulatory issues, and (e) market demand of nanoemulsion in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals along with the current challenges and future opportunities. Copyright © 2021 Maurya, Singh, Das, Prasad, Kedia, Upadhyay, Dubey and Dwivedy.
Essential Oils as Eco-friendly Alternatives to Synthetic Pesticides for the Control of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
(Har Krishan Bhalla and Sons, 2018) Neha Upadhyay; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Manoj Kumar; Bhanu Prakash; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The article presents the potential of essential oils (EOs) as plant based pesticides against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (red flour beetle), a cosmopolitan secondary insect pest of stored food products. Different EOs have been reported to date for their contact and fumigant toxicities, repellency and oviposition deterrence, adult emergence inhibition, ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal and antifeedant activities against T. castaneum but only limited numbers of them have been commercialized for protection of stored foods from insect pest infestation. Plant EOs exhibit insect growth regulatory activity, working as behavior altering semiochemicals. Such botanicals can be recommended as eco-friendly alternatives in view of frequent development of resistance in pests after application of different synthetic pesticides. EO based pesticides can play promising roles in integrated pest management over the synthetics that have mostly insecticidal approach. In view of their favorable safety profile with mammalian systems, they may be recommended as a biorational strategy in integrated management of infestations and losses of stored food commodities caused by red flour beetle. The article recommends nanoencapsulation technology to enhance the efficacy of EOs against storage insect pests and to overcome the limitations. © 2018 Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons.
Essential oils based formulations as safe preservatives for stored plant masticatories against fungal and mycotoxin contamination: A review
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Akanksha Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Vipin Kumar Singh; Neha Upadhyay; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Somenath Das; Nawal Kishore Dubey
Masticatories are prone to fungal and mycotoxin contamination during postharvest processing. The plant based preservatives may be recommended as safe alternatives of synthetic chemicals for their proper storage to protect them from fungal and mycotoxins contamination. This review presents an overview on mycoflora and mycotoxins associated with plant masticatories and prospectives of essential oils and their nanoencapsulated formulations as safe plant based preservatives. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Fabrication, characterization and practical efficacy of Myristica fragrans essential oil nanoemulsion delivery system against postharvest biodeterioration
(Academic Press, 2020) Somenath Das; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Neha Upadhyay; Akanksha Singh; Deepika; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The present study deals with encapsulation of Myristica fragrans essential oil (MFEO) into chitosan nano-matrix, their characterization and assessment of antimicrobial activity, aflatoxin inhibitory potential, safety profiling and in situ efficacy in stored rice as environment friendly effective preservative to control the postharvest losses of food commodities under storage. Surface morphology of MFEO-chitosan nanoemulsion as well as encapsulation of MFEO was confirmed through SEM, FTIR and XRD analysis. In vitro release characteristics with biphasic burst explained controlled volatilization from nanoencapsulated MFEO. Unencapsulated MFEO exhibited fungitoxicity against 15 food borne molds and inhibited aflatoxin B1 secretion by toxigenic Aspergillus flavus LHP R14 strain. In contrast, nanoencapsulated MFEO showed better fungitoxicity and inhibitory effect on aflatoxin biosynthesis at lower doses. In situ efficacy of unencapsulated and nanoencapsulated MFEO on stored rice seeds exhibited effective protection against fungal infestation, aflatoxin B1 contamination, and lipid peroxidation. Both the unencapsulated and nanoencapsulated MFEO did not affect the germination of stored rice seeds confirming non-phytotoxic nature. In addition, negligible mammalian toxicity of unencapsulated MFEO (LD50 = 14,289.32 μL/kg body weight) and MFEO loaded chitosan nanoemulsion (LD50 = 9231.89 μL/kg body weight) as revealed through favorable safety profile recommend the industrial significance of nanoencapsulated MFEO as an effective green alternative to environmentally hazardous synthetic pesticides for protection of food commodities during storage. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
Facile Fabrication of Nanoformulated Cinnamomum glaucescens Essential Oil as a Novel Green Strategy to Boost Potency Against Food Borne Fungi, Aflatoxin Synthesis, and Lipid Oxidation
(Springer, 2022) Shikha Tiwari; Neha Upadhyay; Bijendra Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The study presents chitosan nanoemulsion encapsulating Cinnamomum glaucescens essential oil (CGEO) as a novel green preservative against food born fungi and aflatoxin B1 production in food system. GC–MS analysis suggested 1,8-cineole (46.56%), safrole (17.64%) as major and terpineol (5.88%), 4-terpineol (4.68%), β-pinene (2.08%), β-thujene (2.03%), and linalool (2.02%) as minor components of CGEO. SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis confirmed the successful encapsulation of CGEO in chitosan biopolymer (CGEO-Nm). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of CGEO-Nm showed improved thermal stability of encapsulated CGEO in comparison to unencapsulated CGEO. Encapsulation remarkably improved antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic efficacy of CGEO-Nm (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.9 µL/mL and MAIC = 0.8 µL/mL) in comparison to unencapsulated CGEO (MIC = 1.50 µL/mL and MAIC = 1.25 µL/mL). Impairment in ergosterol biosynthesis, leakage of vital cellular ions, as well as 260 nm (DNA and RNA) and 280 nm (protein) absorbing materials confirmed cell membrane as antifungal target site for CGEO-Nm. Reduction in methylglyoxal level suggested novel antiaflatoxigenic mechanism of action. The investigation showed enhanced antioxidant potency of CGEO after encapsulation (IC50 value 5.15 µL/mL and 10.45 µL/mL, respectively, for ABTS and DPPH assays). Furthermore, CGEO-Nm was also found to have remarkable in vivo efficacy as it inhibited lipid peroxidation and mineral loss in black cumin seeds without altering its sensorial attributes. CGEO-Nm also revealed mammalian safety (LD50 = 9132.642 mg/kg) as determined through acute oral toxicity assay. Thus, the findings recommend the applicability of CGEO-Nm as novel green preservative to enhance the shelf life of food commodities along with the maintenance of nutritional characteristics. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Nanoencapsulated Lippia origanoides essential oil: physiochemical characterisation and assessment of its bio-efficacy against fungal and aflatoxin contamination as novel green preservative
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Shikha Tiwari; Neha Upadhyay; Bijendra Kumar Singh; Nawal K. Dubey; Abhishek K. Dwivedy; Vipin Kumar Singh
The study explores in vitro antifungal and aflatoxin B1 inhibitory potency of chemically characterised Lippia origanoides EO (LOEO) encompassed in chitosan nanoparticle (CS-LOEO-Np). CS-LOEO-Np was physico-chemically characterised through XRD, SEM and FTIR analyses. CS-LOEO-Np exhibited improved antifungal and AFB1 inhibitory efficacy (0.05 and 0.045 µl mL−1, respectively) in contrast to LOEO (0.30 and 0.25 µl mL−1, respectively). Bioactivity of LOEO loaded nanoparticle was enhanced as reflected by depletion in ergosterol content, rapid cellular ion release and reduced methylglyoxal content. IC50 value equivalent to 4.17 µl mL−1 displayed better antioxidant potency of CS-LOEO-Np as compared to LOEO (IC50 = 6.20 µl mL−1). CS-LOEO-Np preserved sensorial attributes of stored Nigella sativa (model food matrix) samples and have higher lethal toxicity dose, that is LD50 = 8832 mg kg−1. Hence, CS-LOEO-Np could serve as novel green candidate to ensure food security with better nutritional and sensorial features. © 2022 Institute of Food Science and Technology
Nanoencapsulation Technology: Boon to Food Packaging Industries
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2020) Somenath Das; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Neha Upadhyay; Vipin Kumar Singh; Akanksha Singh; Nawal Kishore Dubey
Several drawbacks prevail while practicing the preservation of the food stuffs through conventional techniques. Nanoparticles enclosing active principles are claimed to enhance the efficacy as well as shelf life of preservatives. The synthesis and utilization of innovative materials in nano-sized system for the food packaging is very challenging in the current scenario. The choice of materials to be used for encapsulation of active components must be nontoxic and biodegradable, efficient to bind active ingredients, cost-effective, and resistant to changing environmental conditions including high temperature, humidity, and mechanical pressure, as well as have strong barrier properties. Nanoencapsulation techniques for active packaging have gained wide applicability in different food industries globally due to their efficiency in shelf life enhancement, preservation of the natural properties (color, flavor, and aroma), controlled release properties, and value addition in several food systems. Furthermore, the nanoencapsulation technique is also efficient in protecting the food from widespread microbial contamination of pathogenic nature. In addition, the encapsulation of bioactive compounds exhibiting strong insect repellent activity and anti-rodent properties has immense future possibilities in protection of packaged foods. However, several challenging safety issues on nanoencapsulated materials still need to be resolved before their application by food industries as well as consumers. The present article deals with the current advances and limitations in nanoencapsulation technologies employed for food preservation, along with their application in food packaging industries and future perspective. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Plant essential oils against food borne fungi and mycotoxins
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Manoj Kumar; Neha Upadhyay; Bhanu Prakash; Nawal Kishore Dubey
In past two decades, essential oils (EOs) based formulations have shown excellent potential against food borne molds and associated mycotoxins and may successfully replace synthetic preservatives, offering, an eco-chemical and safer approach to protect food commodities from fungal contamination and subsequent mycotoxin production. A number of EO based food preservatives viz. Sporan™, Promax™, ‘DMC Base Natural’, EcoPCOR, EcoTrol are commercially used and listed in ‘Generally Recognized as Safe’ category. EOs easily pass through plasma membrane causing partition in the lipids of fungal cell membrane, making it permeable for leakage of cell contents. EOs decline biosynthesis of ergosterol, the fungal specific sterol, proving their biorational mode of action. They can be economically used as fumigant in storage system. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Potential Applications and Avenues of Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture
(Elsevier Inc., 2018) Kanchan Vishwakarma; Neha Upadhyay; Nitin Kumar; Durgesh K. Tripathi; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Shivesh Sharma; Shivendra Sahi
With the increase in the world population, there is an increasing need to develop strategies for sustainable agriculture to increase the production of food and other products. People living in developing countries face problems related to food scarcity on a daily basis, whereas in developed countries there is a food surplus. The science of nanotechnology can alter the entire situation of food shortage by enhancing plant growth and the present agricultural status by developing novel tools and techniques to minimalize production inputs and maximize outputs for sustainable agricultural development. Furthermore, nanotechnological products such as nanobiosensors, environment friendly natural polymers, nanopesticides, nanofoods, etc. can be utilized effectively to increase crop productivity and yield. However, nanotechnology offers a considerable likelihood of developing innovative systems and applications and it is apparent that the number of products and production volumes encompassing nanotechnology will increase in the near future. In light of this, this chapter will highlight the key aspects of nanotechnology-based plant productivity, highlighting current research in the agrifood industry and what future impacts these may have. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Secondary Metabolites of Higher Plants as Green Preservatives of Herbal Raw Materials and Their Active Principles During Postharvest Processing
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Somenath Das; Vipin Kumar Singh; Neha Upadhyay; Bijendra Kumar Singh; Jitendra Prasad; Shikha Tiwari; Nawal Kishore Dubey
Herbal raw materials get contaminated with different microbes during collection and postharvest processing, causing both quantitative and qualitative damage leading to degradation of active principles. Currently, a wide range of plant products including essential oils have been found efficacious against fungal and mycotoxin contamination of raw materials and have been recommended as green preservatives for postharvest protection of herbal raw materials. Extracts of different higher plants and bioactive constituents, viz., carvone (from Carum carvi), azadirachtin (from Azadirachta indica), and isothiocyanate (from horseradish and brassicaceous plants) have exhibited promising efficacy against microbial contamination. Currently, nanotechnological approach has enhanced the bio-efficacy of phytochemicals through controlled release, site specific delivery, and enhanced stability. The present article throws light on different plant products recommended in postharvest preservation of herbal raw materials and also explains the future technological advancements in their better utilization as preservative of herbal raw materials. Such documentation of pharmacological efficacy of traditionally used plant products would also be helpful in bioprospection of plant diversity against biopiracy. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021, corrected publication 2021.
Therapeutic potential of plant-based metal nanoparticles: Present status and future perspectives
(Elsevier, 2018) Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Neha Upadhyay; Simran Asawa; Manoj Kumar; Bhanu Prakash; Nawal Kishore Dubey
Green nanoparticles are environment friendly and have established a promising role in drug delivery. These plant-based nanoparticles may be effective alternatives to antibiotics in combating different pathogenic fungi because of undergoing mutations and resistance in pathogens. However, their toxicity in humans should be checked before they can be recommended as therapeutics. The chapter deals with diverse metal nanoparticles used for human welfare, their chemical and biological synthesis as green nanoparticles, various applications, and their limitations during application, with special emphasis on their antifungal properties. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.